Effect of alkali-heat treatment on the surface microstructure of Ti-Ta composite materials
CHEN Manke1, LIU Yong1, XU Shenghang2, HUANG Qianli1
1. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; 2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
Abstract:Ti-Ta composite material has high specific strength, low modulus and good biocompatibility, and has potential applications in the fields of biomedicine and chemical industry. In this paper, a highly dense Ti-Ta composite material with a nominal composition of Ti-20%Ta (mole fraction) was prepared by spark plasma sintering and thermal deformation using Ti and Ta powders as raw materials. The microstructure of the material was analyzed and the surface state of the material was modified by surface sandblasting and alkali heat treatment. The results show that Ta particles are uniformly distributed in the Ti matrix, and the interface between Ta and Ti has an apparent compositional gradient, but the diffusional range is narrow. Compared to Ti-Ta composite material surfaces treated by sand blasting, those treated by sand blasting and alkali-heat treat mentexhibits enhanced cyto-compatibility. The reason for the improvement of biological properties of modified Ti-Ta composite material may be that the nano-pore structure formed on the surface is helpful for protein adsorption, and the sodium titanate and sodium tantalate formed on the surface have better adsorption properties for protein. Therefore, surface alkali-heat treatment is an effective way to improve the biocompatibility of Ti-Ta composite material.
[1] PAN Z, LI Y, WEI Q.Tensile properties of nanocrystalline tantalum from molecular dynamics simulations[J]. Acta Materialia, 2008, 56(14): 3470-3480. [2] BALLA V K, BOSE S, DAVIES N M, et al.Tantalum—a bioactive metal for implants[J]. Journal of the Minerals Metals & Matorials Society, 2010, 62(7): 61-64. [3] ZHOU Y L, NIINOMI M, AKAHORI T, et al.Corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of Ti-Ta alloys for biomedical applications[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2005, 398(1/2): 28-36. [4] MIURA K, YAMADA N, HANADA S, et al.The bone tissue compatibility of a new Ti-Nb-Sn alloy with a low Young’s modulus[J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2011, 7(5): 2320-2326. [5] HUANG Q L, XU S, OUYANG Z X, et al.Multi-scale nacre-inspired lamella-structured Ti-Ta composites with high strength and low modulus for load-bearing orthopedic and dental applications[J]. Materials Science and Engineering C, 2021, 118: 111458. [6] LEPICKA M, GRADEKA D M.Surface modification of Ti6Al4V tianium alloy for bimedical applications and its eddect on triblological performance-a reviow[J]. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 2016, 46(1): 86-103. [7] JOKSTAD A, ALKUMRU H.Immediate function on the day of surgery compared with a delayed implant loading process in the mandible: A randomized clinical trial over 5 years[J]. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 2014, 25(12): 1325-1335. [8] LI N B, XIAO G Y, LIU B, et al.Rapid deposition of spherical apatite on alkali-heat treated titanium in modified simulated body fluid at high temperature[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2016, 301: 121-125. [9] KIM H M, MIYAJI F, KOKUBO T, et al.Preparation of bioactive Ti and its alloys via simple chemical surface treatment[J]. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 1996, 32(3): 409-417. [10] KIM H M, MIYAJI F, KOKUBO T, et al.Graded surface structure of bioactive titanium prepared by chemical treatment[J]. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 1999, 45(2): 100-107. [11] JONÁŠOVÁ L, MüLLER F A, HELEBRANT A, et al. Biomimetic apatite formation on chemically treated titanium[J]. Biomaterials, 2004, 25(7/8): 1187-1194. [12] WANG T, WAN Y, LIU Z.Fabrication of hierarchical micro/nanotopography on bio-titanium alloy surface for cytocompatibility improvement[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2016, 51(21): 9551-9561. [13] XU S, DU M, LI J, et al.Bio-mimic Ti-Ta composite with hierarchical “Brick-and-Mortar” microstructure[J]. Materialia, 2019, 8: 100463. [14] XU S, QIU J, ZHANG H, et al.Evolution of nano-scaled lamellae and its effect on strength of Ti-Ta composite[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2021, 805: 140552. [15] DELIGIANNI D D, KATSALA N, LADAS S, et al.Effect of surface roughness of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V on human bone marrow cell response and on protein adsorption[J]. Biomaterials, 2001, 22(11): 1241-1251. [16] FAIA-TORRES A B, CHARNLEY M, GOREN T, et al. Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in the absence of osteogenic supplements: A surface-roughness gradient study[J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2015, 28: 64-75. [17] DIVYA RANI V V, VINOTH-KUMAR L, ANITHA V C, et al. Osteointegration of titanium implant is sensitive to specific nanostructure morphology[J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2012, 8(5): 1976-1989. [18] YIM E K, DARLING E M, KULANGARA K, et al.Nanotopography-induced changes in focal adhesions, cytoskeletal organization, and mechanical properties of human mesenchymal stem cells[J]. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(6): 1299-1306. [19] FELGUEIRAS H P, EVANS M D, MIGONNEY V.Contribution of fibronectin and vitronectin to the adhesion and morphology of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells to poly (NaSS) grafted Ti6Al4V[J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2015, 28: 225-233. [20] CHO S A, PARK K T.The removal torque of titanium screw inserted in rabbit tibia treated by dual acid etching[J]. Biomaterials, 2003, 24(20): 3611-3617. [21] LECUYER S, QUEMERAIS A, JEZEQUEL G.Composition of natural oxide films on polycrystalline tantalum using XPS electron take-off angle experiments[J]. Surface and Interface Analysis, 1992, 18(4): 257-261. [22] LIU D R, WEI C D, XUE B, et al.Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of N-doped NaTaO3 compounds calcined at low temperature[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 182(1/3): 50-54. [23] CHEN M, YOU C, LI S, et al.The formation of nanocrystallite bone-like apatite on chemically treated Ti-24Nd-4Zr-7.9Sn alloy[J]. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2009, 9(2): 1214-1217. [24] XIA J, YUAN Y, WU H, et al.Decoupling the effects of nanopore size and surface roughness on the attachment, spreading and differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells[J]. Biomaterials, 2020, 248: 120014. [25] LIU X, WANG S.Three-dimensional nano-biointerface as a new platform for guiding cell fate[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2014, 43(8): 2385-2401.