Preparation and adsorption performance of rapeseed-derived bismuth-based activated carbon powder
LIU Runzhuo1, ZHANG Liqiang1, MA Xiancheng1, CHEN Zhaoke2
1. Technology Innovation Center for Characteristic Non-wood Forestry Intelligent Equipment of Changsha City, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; 2. Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Abstract：To achieve high-value utilization of agricultural waste rapeseed residue and address the challenge of efficient radioactive iodine capture, this study utilized rapeseed residue as a precursor to prepare porous activated carbon carriers via hydrothermal-alkali activation. Subsequently, a solvothermal method was employed to construct composites (Bi/RS) with varying bismuth loadings. The microstructure of composites were analyzed by combining scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, etc. Adsorption experiments using gaseous iodine, iodine/cyclohexane solution, and aqueous iodine solution were conducted to systematically investigate the adsorption kinetics and mechanism. Results indicate that nanoscale bismuth (Bi0) is uniformly dispersed on the carbon framework surface and within its pores, slightly reducing the specific surface area of materials while maintaining a highly developed micropore structure. The incorporation of bismuth significantly enhances chemical iodine fixation capacity of composites, with Bi/RS-0.4 achieving an iodine retention rate of 83.1% after three adsorption cycles in the gas phase adsorption. In liquid phase adsorption, the low-loading Bi/RS-0.1 exhibit optimal performance, achieving over 99% removal efficiency for iodine/cyclohexane solutions and a saturated adsorption capacity of 2 293 mg/g in aqueous iodine solutions. The synergistic effect of physical adsorption (pore trapping) and chemical adsorption (Bi-I precipitation and functional group complexation) is key to efficient iodine fixation of Bi/RS. Bi/RS not only achieves resource utilization of waste rapeseed residue but also exhibits outstanding adsorption performance and stability in both gas and liquid phases, providing a theoretical and material foundation for radioactive iodine waste management.
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2026, Vol. 31 
