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2025 Vol. 30, No. 2
Published: 2025-04-15
Engineering and Technology
Review
Review
79
Research progress of anti-thermal insulation materials
HAN Qingzhuang, XIANG Yang, PENG Zhihang, FENG Jian, LI Liangjun, WEN Jin, LIU Ping
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2024100
In the harsh service environment, spacecraft must withstand long-term exposure to aerobic environments, extreme aerodynamic heating, high temperatures, and high pressures. Thermal protection materials show excellent thermal insulation, protection, compression resistance, and impact resistance under the dual action of high temperature and strong airflow, and can maintain stable chemical and physical characteristics. As an anti-thermal insulation materials, its low thermal conductivity can significantly reduce heat transfer while retaining the necessary mechanical properties, which has important application value in the aerospace field, and can ensure the stable operation of internal equipment in high temperature environment. This paper systematically discusses the basic principles and key properties of two typical anti-thermal insulation materials (ceramic thermal protection materials and metal thermal protection materials), analyzes their preparation technology and practical applications, summarizes the existing main problems, and puts forward the future development direction, providing a new perspective and reference for the research in this field.
2025 Vol. 30 (2): 79-100 [
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] (
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101
Application and prospect of photocuring printing battery technology
ZHAN Lina, WANG Aiyue, ZHONG Jiani, YU Fengying, LIU Yao
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2024117
As a new additive manufacturing technology, photocuring printing technology provides a new way for battery manufacturing. This paper introduces the current research status of photocuring technology in the battery field, describes the application of photocuring technology in battery materials such as conductive polymers, carbon-based materials, metal oxides, solid electrolyte materials, and separator materials, puts forward suggestions and prospects for the development of photocuring printing batteries, in order to provide reference for scientific researchers and technical personnel in related fields.
2025 Vol. 30 (2): 101-106 [
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Engineering and Technology
107
Phase stability of two new osmium-containing nickel-based single crystal superalloys
HU Xiuyi, ZHANG Lijun, ZHOU Kechao, HUANG Zaiwang
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2024097
Two nickel-based single crystal superalloys, CSUSX-Os-1 and CSUSX-Os-2, with Os mass fraction of 3% and different Co/Cr mass ratios (6.5∶9.6, 9.6∶6.5), were prepared using vacuum induction melting and rapid solidification techniques. After solution and aging treatment, the alloys were thermal exposed at 1 100, 1 150, and 1 200 ℃ for different time to investigate the effects of thermal exposure time and temperature on the microstructure of the alloys. The precipitation tendency of TCP phases was predicted using the electron vacancy method and the d-orbital electron energy level prediction method. The results show that the γ′ phases in both alloys coarsen with the increase of thermal exposure temperature and the extension of thermal exposure time, and the area fraction of γ' phase of CSUSX-Os-1 alloy is smaller than that of CSUSX-Os-2 alloy at the same thermal exposure temperature. The CSUSX-Os-1 alloy exhibits greater tendency for TCP phase precipitation than the CSUSX-Os-2 alloy. Moreover, the compositions of the TCP phases precipitated in the two alloys are different, the TCP phases in the CSUSX-Os-1 alloy enrich in Cr, W, Os, and Ni, and the size of the lath-shaped TCP phases gradually increases with the increase of thermal exposure time; the TCP phases in the CSUSX-Os-2 alloy enrich in Ta, Ti, and W, and also has a lath-shaped morphology.
2025 Vol. 30 (2): 107-114 [
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115
Effects of α-Al
2
O
3
and silica sol strengthening treatment on the microstructure and performance of silica based ceramic cores
PENG Yonghui, ZHOU Wentao, KOU Baohong, OUYANG Jing
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2024098
In this study, α-Al
2
O
3
was selected as a mineralizer for the preparation of silica based ceramic cores used in precision casting. Techniques such as X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and the three-point bending testing were employed to investigate the effects of mineralizer amount and silica sol strengthening treatment on the phase composition, microstructures, shrinkage rate, open porosity, density, and bending strength of the ceramic cores. The results indicate that α-Al
2
O
3
exerts a dual effect on the ceramic cores. On one hand, it acts as a reinforcing phase that hinders the viscous flow of fused quartz and enhances the strength of the cores; on the other hand, its excellent high-temperature stability reduces the sintering density of the ceramic cores, leading to decreased shrinkage rates and strength. However, silica sol strengthening treatment effectively seals the pores and promotes sintering of the cores. After silica sol strengthening treatment, cores with
w
(α-Al
2
O
3
)=2% exhibit an increase in room temperature bending strength to 16.6 MPa and high-temperature bending strength to 37.5 MPa, meeting the application standards for ceramic cores in the precision casting industry.
2025 Vol. 30 (2): 115-122 [
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] (
)
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123
The effects of Ni content on the microstructure and properties of layered TiC-Ni/EP composites
HOU Junfeng, WU Jisi, JIANG Wenli, WANG Wenhua, WU Shangyu
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2024112
To address the problem that low thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion coefficient of substrate materials for electronic packaging, the layered porous TiC-Ni frameworks were prepared by ice template method, and then layered TiC-Ni/EP composites were prepared through infiltrating epoxy (EP) into the pores of porous frameworks via vacuum impregnation method in this paper. Scanning electron microscope, universal mechanical testing machine, and thermodilatometer were used to study the effects of Ni content on the pore morphology, laminar structure characteristics of the layered porous TiC-Ni frameworks and the microstructure, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites. The results show that the interlayer spacing and wall thickness of porous frameworks increase, the compressive strength and bending strength of the composites decrease with the increase of Ni content, while the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of composites increase. The porous frameworks and the composite with
φ
(Ni)=2% have the best laminar structure characteristics, the thermal conductivity of the composite is 2.24 W/(m·K), and the thermal expansion coefficient is 30.23×10
-6
K
-1
.
2025 Vol. 30 (2): 123-130 [
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131
Effects of DyF
3
/Dy
2
O
3
co-diffusion on the microstructure and magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Ce-Fe-B magnets
HE Zhanpeng, LI Liya
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2024106
In this paper, DyF
3
and Dy
2
O
3
powders were used as diffusion sources to prepare high Ce content (Pr,Nd)
20
Ce
11
Fe
bal
(Cu,Ga,Zr)
1.0
B
0.97
(mass fraction) sintered magnets. The effects of DyF
3
/Dy
2
O
3
co-diffusion on the magnetic properties and microstructure of the magnets were investigated using ultra-high coercivity permanent magnet pulsed field magnetometer, X-ray diffractometer, differential scanning calorimeter, and electron probe microanalyzer. The results show that after DyF
3
/Dy
2
O
3
diffusion, the coercivity increases from 913.01 kA/m to 1 237.78 kA/m, representing an enhancement of 324.77 kA/m (35.6%). Additionally, the thermal stability is improved as the temperature coefficient of coercivity increasing from -0.606 %/℃ to -0.567 %/℃ in 20-120 ℃. The variation in remanence is minimal, with a change of only -0.01 T. After diffusion, the surface layer of the magnet predominantly consisted of the tetragonal (Nd,Ce,Dy)
2
Fe
14
B primary phase, along with a small proportion of cubic RE-O-F secondary phase. In the DyF
3
/Dy
2
O
3
system, Dy
2
O
3
reduces the decomposition temperature of DyF
3
(<600 ℃), thereby providing a driving force for the diffusion of Dy atoms. Dy diffusion depth in DyF
3
/Dy
2
O
3
co-diffusion reaches up to 800 μm, the content of Dy gradually decreases with the increase of diffusion depth. Enriched regions of Dy and F elements are observed in the surface layer (0-60 μm). Ce is primarily enriched in the 0-60 μm range and at the triangular grain boundaries inside the bulk of the magnet. At a depth of 50-400 μm from the surface, Dy elements form a continuous network-like (Nd,Ce,Dy)
2
Fe
14
B shell structure around the main phase grains, which can effectively enhance the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field at the main phase grain surfaces, suppress the nucleation of reverse magnetization domains at the grain surfaces, and consequently improve the coercivity.
2025 Vol. 30 (2): 131-138 [
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139
Preparation and characterization of polysiloxane-based SiC(O) fibers
SHEN Yan, ZHAO Zhongqian, YANG Tianyue, GOU Yanzi
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025012
Polycarbosilane commonly used precursor for SiC fibers is prohibitively expensive. To mitigate production expenses, this study employs polysiloxane as the silicon source and polyacrylonitrile as the carbon source to prepare a modified precursor. Polymer precursor fibers were fabricated via precursor-derived ceramic technology combined with electrostatic spining. The fibers underwent stabilization through ultraviolet irradiation and air-stabilization followed by pyrolysis in a N
2
atmosphere to produce SiC(O) fibers, then the microstructures and oxidation resistance of the SiC(O) fibers were investigated. The results show that the SiC(O) fibers exhibit a diameter of 200-300 nm, excellent uniformity, and pore-free surface. Moreover, their oxidation resistance at 600 ℃ surpasses that of carbon fibers.
2025 Vol. 30 (2): 139-147 [
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] (
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148
Effects of adding phosphoric acid on the morphology and electrocatalytic CO
2
reduction properties of copper sulfide micro/nano-tubes
TAN Menglin, HUANG Qianli, LIU Yong
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2024118
The conversion of CO
2
into chemicals with added value through electrocatalysis is an effective solution for reducing atmospheric CO
2
concentration and alleviating the energy crisis. In this paper, the effects of adding phosphoric acid on the microscopic morphology and electrocatalytic CO
2
reduction properties of CuS micro/nano-tubes were investigated by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and electrochemical experiments. The results show that the addition of phosphoric acid leads to shorter lengths, smaller outer diameters, and thinner constituent unit nanosheets of micro/nano-tubes. The reduced micro/nano-tube size helps to expose more active sites, which improves the electrocatalytic CO
2
reduction properties with a Faraday efficiency of the liquid-phase product formic acid up to 68% at -1.0 V. This work is expected to provide guidance for the design and preparation of catalysts for electrocatalytic CO
2
reduction.
2025 Vol. 30 (2): 148-156 [
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