热处理对PAN基炭纤维微观结构和力学性能的影响

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摘要在1 000~1 800 ℃温度范围内热处理PAN基炭纤维,采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜、单纤维拉伸等测试手段对炭纤维的微观结构和力学性能进行表征。结果表明：随热处理温度升高,炭纤维中的氮元素含量不断下降,炭纤维的表面粗糙度先减小后增大。石墨微晶由乱层结构逐渐转变为三维有序结构,相邻石墨微晶的合并导致石墨微晶的连续性明显提高。炭纤维表皮区域的微观结构和缺陷控制着炭纤维裂纹的萌生和扩展。由于石墨微晶之间交联作用的改善,1 200 ℃和1 400 ℃处理后,炭纤维的拉伸强度分别为4.68 GPa和4.59 GPa,高于原始炭纤维的拉伸强度。炭纤维的拉伸强度主要受炭纤维表皮区域缺陷数量,石墨微晶之间的交联作用和相界面残余应力的影响。

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	徐一溪
	杨丰豪
	王喜云
	易茂中

关键词 ：炭纤维, 热处理, 微观结构, 石墨微晶, 力学性能

Abstract：The PAN-based carbon fibers were heat-treated at temperatures ranging from 1 000 ℃ to 1 800 ℃. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the carbon fibers were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and single-fiber tensile test. The results show that the nitrogen content of PAN-based carbon fibers decreases and the surface roughness decreases first and then increases with increasing the heat treatment temperature. The microstructure in the skin region suggests that the turbostratic graphite structure gradually transforms into a three-dimensional graphite structure during heat treatment. The continuity of the graphite crystallites is improved due to the coalescence between adjacent graphite crystallites. The observation of the fracture morphologies shows that the crack initiation and propagation are controlled by the microstructure and defects of carbon fibers in the skin region. Due to the improvement of the cross-linking between the graphite crystallites, the tensile strengths of carbon fibers heat-treated at 1 200 ℃ and 1 400 ℃ increase to 4.68 GPa and 4.59 GPa respectively, which are higher than that of the as-received carbon fibers. The tensile strength of the carbon fibers is mainly determined by the amount of defects in the skin region, the cross-linking between the graphite crystallites and the interfacial residual stress.

Key words： carbon fiber heat treatment microstructure graphite crystallite mechanical property

收稿日期: 2018-10-25 出版日期: 2019-07-12

ZTFLH:

TQ342

基金资助:装备预研相关基础研究(4142202XXXX)

作者简介: 杨丰豪,博士生。电话：0731-88830894;E-mail: yangfh100@163.com

引用本文:

徐一溪, 杨丰豪, 王喜云, 易茂中. 热处理对PAN基炭纤维微观结构和力学性能的影响[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2019, 24(2): 147-153.
XU Yixi, YANG Fenghao, WANG Xiyun, YI Maozhong. Effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical property of PAN-based carbon fibers. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2019, 24(2): 147-153.

链接本文:

http://pmbjb.csu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://pmbjb.csu.edu.cn/CN/Y2019/V24/I2/147

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