纳米TiB<sub>2</sub>对激光选区熔化2024铝合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

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摘要 2024铝合金由于凝固区间宽、合金元素含量高,在激光选区熔化(selective laser melting,SLM)成形中存在易开裂、不良显微组织、低性能等问题。本文通过低能球磨法制备不同纳米TiB₂含量的TiB₂/2024复合粉体,并制备SLM成形试样。采用X射线衍射、金相显微镜、EBSD、SEM等手段研究TiB₂含量对2024铝合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,质量分数1%的纳米TiB₂颗粒可使SLM成形试样的致密度提升,晶粒尺寸由19.9 μm细化至4.25 μm,柱状晶转化为等轴状及短棒状,致密度由97.3%提升至98.2%。抗拉强度、伸长率和显微硬度分别提高23%,208%和5.1%,经T6热处理后,断裂强度达到401.2 MPa,伸长率达到10.4%。TiB₂质量分数增至3%后,细化效果减弱,晶粒尺寸仅细化至3.97 μm,且纳米TiB₂发生团聚现象并长大至微米级,试样致密度和综合力学性能均急剧下降。

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	胡亮
	刘允中
	涂诚
	周志光

关键词 ： 2024铝合金, TiB₂, 激光选区熔化, 显微组织, 力学性能

Abstract：With a broad freezing range and a high content of alloy elements, 2024 prepared by selective laser melting still has some defects like hot tearing and columnar grains. In this work, TiB₂/2024 composite powders with different nanoscale TiB₂ contents were prepared by low-energy ball milling and used for selective laser melting process. The effects of TiB₂ content on the phase, microstructure and mechanical properties of 2024 aluminium alloy were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, metallographic microscope, EBSD and SEM. The results show that the addition of 1% nano-TiB₂ makes the coarse columnar grains transform into equiaxed grains, and improve density of SLM samples the grain size decreases from 19.9 μm to 4.25 μm and the relative density increases from 97.3% to 98.2%. Tensile strength, elongation and micro-hardness increase by 23%, 208% and 5.1%, respectively. Furthermore, tensile strength and elongation reach 401.2 MPa and 10.4% respectively at T6 state. When the mass fraction of TiB₂ increases to 3%, the refining effect is weakened to 3.97 μm, and the agglomeration of nano-TiB₂ grew to micron-scale. The density and comprehensive mechanical properties of the samples decreases sharply.

Key words： 2024 TiB₂ selective laser melting microstructure mechanical property

收稿日期: 2019-01-26 出版日期: 2019-07-12

ZTFLH:

TG146.2⁺1

基金资助:国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFB0305800); 广东省科技计划资助项目(2014B010129002,2016B090913001)

通讯作者: 刘允中,教授,博士。电话：020-87110081;E-mail: yzhliu@scut.edu.cn

引用本文:

胡亮, 刘允中, 涂诚, 周志光. 纳米TiB₂对激光选区熔化2024铝合金显微组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2019, 24(4): 365-373.
HU Liang, LIU Yunzhong, TU Cheng, ZHOU Zhiguang. Effects of nano-TiB₂ particles on microstructure and mechanical properties of AA2024 deposited by selective laser melting. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2019, 24(4): 365-373.

链接本文:

http://pmbjb.csu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://pmbjb.csu.edu.cn/CN/Y2019/V24/I4/365

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