Abstract:Ni3Fe/Ni3S2 oxygen evolution catalysts were synthesized by two-step hydrothermal method using Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and Na2S·9H2O as Fe source and S source, respectively, and nickel mesh (NM) as the Ni source and support substrate. The microstructure and morphology of the catalysts were analyzed by XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM, and the electrochemical properties were tested by an electrochemical workstation. The results demonstrate that the Ni3Fe/Ni3S2 catalyst synthesized by the two-step hydrothermal method has rich three-dimensional nanoflower morphology, which enhances the spatial utilization of the catalyst. Ni3S2 exposes a high refractive index $\{\bar{2}10\}$. crystalline surface, which contributes to the synergistic effect with the (111) crystalline surface of Ni3Fe to enhance the catalytic activity. The oxygen evolution overpotential is 229 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 in 1 mol/L KOH (25 ℃), the overpotential is 335 mV for a current density of 600 mA/cm2 in 5.35 mol/L KOH (80 ℃), and the decay rate of the overpotential is only 2.39% after 6 000 cyclic voltammetry cycles. It demonstrates that the catalyst has good oxygene evolution performance and stability.
[1] SUN H, YAN Z, LIU F, et al.Self-supported transition- metal-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution[J]. Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(3): 1806326. [2] MOYSIADOU A, LEE S, HSU C S, et al.Mechanism of oxygen evolution catalyzed by cobalt oxyhydroxide: cobalt superoxide species as a key intermediate and dioxygen release as a rate-determining step[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2020, 142(27): 11901-11914. [3] XIE X, DU L, YAN L, et al.Oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline environment: material challenges and solutions[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(21): 2110036. [4] LEE Y, SUNTIVICH J, MAY K J, et al.Synthesis and activities of rutile IrO2 and RuO2 nanoparticles for oxygen evolution in acid and alkaline solutions[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2012, 3(3): 399-404. [5] YANG L, LIU Z, ZHU S, et al.Ni-based layered double hydroxide catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction[J]. Materials Today Physics, 2021, 16: 100292. [6] WU Z P, LU X F, ZANG S Q, et al.Non-noble-metal-based electrocatalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30(15): 1910274. [7] HU H S, SI S, LIU R J, et al.Iron-nickel hydroxide nanoflake arrays supported on nickel foam with dramatic catalytic properties for the evolution of oxygen at high current densities[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2020, 44(11): 9222-9232. [8] LI B Q, ZHANG S Y, TANG C, et al.Anionic regulated NiFe (oxy)sulfide electrocatalysts for water oxidation[J]. Small, 2017, 13(25): 1700610. [9] FENG L L, YU G T, WU Y Y, et al.High-index faceted Ni3S2 nanosheet arrays as highly active and ultrastable electrocatalysts for water splitting[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2015, 137(44): 14023-14026. [10] CHEN Y, XU Y, NIU S, et al.A highly efficient Fe-Ni-S/NF hybrid electrode for promoting oxygen evolution performance[J]. Chemical Communications, 2021, 57(37): 4572-4575. [11] ZHONG M X, SONG N, LI C M, et al.Controllable growth of Fe-doped NiS2 on NiFe-carbon nanofibers for boosting oxygen evolution reaction[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2022, 614: 556-565. [12] WANG P C, LIN Y Q, WAN L, et al.Construction of a janus MnO2-NiFe electrode via selective electrodeposition strategy as a high-performance bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc-air batteries[J]. Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(41): 37701-37707. [13] DUAN J J, ZHANG R L, FENG J J, et al.Facile synthesis of nanoflower-like phosphorus-doped Ni3S2/CoFe2O4 arrays on nickel foam as a superior electrocatalyst for efficient oxygen evolution reaction[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2021, 581: 774-782. [14] CHEN H, ZHANG P, XIE R, et al.High-temperature nitridation induced carbon nanotubes@NiFe-layered- double-hydroxide nanosheets taking as an oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst for CO2 electroreduction[J]. Advanced Materials Interfaces, 2021, 8(19): 2101165. [15] KADIER A, SIMAYI Y, CHANDRASEKHAR K, et al.Hydrogen gas production with an electroformed Ni mesh cathode catalysts in a single-chamber microbial electrolysis cell (MEC)[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015, 40(41): 14095-14103. [16] WANG Z, LIAO X, LIN Z, et al.3D nitrogen-doped graphene encapsulated metallic nickel-iron alloy nanoparticles for efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis[J]. Chemistry-A European Journal, 2020, 26(18): 4044-4051. [17] LIANG C, ZOU P, NAIRAN A, et al.Exceptional performance of hierarchical Ni-Fe oxyhydroxide@NiFe alloy nanowire array electrocatalysts for large current density water splitting[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2020, 13(1): 86-95. [18] YANG Y Q, ZHANG K, LING H L, et al.MoS2-Ni3S2 heteronanorods as efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting[J]. Acs Catalysis, 2017, 7(4): 2357-2366. [19] ZHOU J H, WANG Z G, YANG D X, et al.Free-standing S, N co-doped graphene/Ni foam as highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2019, 317: 408-415. [20] HU X J, HUANG T, TANG Y W, et al.Three-dimensional graphene-supported Ni3Fe/Co9S8 composites: rational design and active for oxygen reversible electrocatalysis[J]. Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(4): 4028-4036. [21] ZHANG H, QIAN G F, YU T Q, et al.Interface engineering of Ni3Fe and FeV2O4 coupling with carbon-coated mesoporous nanosheets for boosting overall water splitting at 1 500 mA/cm2[J]. Acs Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2021, 9(24): 8249-8256. [22] VISSERS J P R, GROOT C K, VAN OERS E M, et al. Carbon-supported transition metal sulfides[J]. Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges, 1984, 93(8/9): 813-822. [23] LIU C Y, MA H, YUAN M W, et al.(NiFe)S2 nanoparticles grown on graphene as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2018, 286: 195-204. [24] SUN F, WANG G, DING Y, et al.NiFe-based metal-organic framework nanosheets directly supported on nickel foam acting as robust electrodes for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(21): 1800584. [25] BADRNEZHAD R, NASRI F, POURFARZAD H, et al.Effect of iron on Ni-Mo-Fe composite as a low-cost bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(5): 3821-3832. [26] WANG Q Q, SONG Y Y, SUN D S, et al.MOF-derived Fe-doped Ni@NC hierarchical hollow microspheres as an efficient electrocatalyst for alkaline oxygen evolution reaction[J]. Acs Omega, 2021, 6(16): 11077-11082. [27] HE W J, REN G, LI Y, et al.Amorphous nickel-iron hydroxide films on nickel sulfide nanoparticles for the oxygen evolution reaction[J]. Catalysis Science & Technology, 2020, 10(6): 1708-1713. [28] ZHONG H, LIU T, ZHANG S, et al.Template-free synthesis of three-dimensional NiFe-LDH hollow microsphere with enhanced OER performance in alkaline media[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2019, 33(6): 130-137. [29] LI N, HU Z, LI M, et al.Self-assembly of NiFe-LDH with birnessite via electrostatic attraction towards high- performance OER catalyst[J]. Materials Letters, 2020, 281: 128569. [30] ZHOU Y, LI Y, ZHANG L, et al.Fe-leaching induced surface reconstruction of Ni-Fe alloy on N-doped carbon to boost oxygen evolution reaction[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 394: 124977. [31] LIN Y P, WANG H, PENG C K, et al.Co-Induced electronic optimization of hierarchical NiFe LDH for oxygen evolution[J]. Small, 2020, 16(38): 2002426. [32] JIANG B B, CHEONG W C, TU R Y, et al.Regulating the electronic structure of NiFe layered double hydroxide/ reduced graphene oxide by Mn incorporation for high- efficiency oxygen evolution reaction[J]. Science China Materials, 2021, 64(11): 2729-2738. [33] MILLER E L, ROCHELEAU R E.Electrochemical behavior of reactively sputtered iron-doped nickel oxide[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1997, 144(9): 3072-3077. [34] LU F, ZHOU M, ZHOU Y X, et al.First-row transition metal based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction under alkaline conditions: basic principles and recent advances[J]. Small, 2017, 13(45): 1701931. [35] LI Z J, WU X D, JIANG X, et al.Surface carbon layer controllable Ni3Fe particles confined in hierarchical N-doped carbon framework boosting oxygen evolution reaction[J]. Advanced Powder Materials, 2022, 1(2): 100020. [36] LIANG Z, ZHOU P, WANG Z Y, et al.Electrodeposition of NiFe layered double hydroxide on Ni3S2 nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45(15): 8659-8666. [37] ZOU X X, ZHANG Y.Noble metal-free hydrogen evolution catalysts for water splitting[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2015, 44(15): 5148-5180. [38] 代晓梅, 何捍卫. 泡沫镍基Ni-P-W-Mo析氢电极的制备与电化学性能[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2022, 27(6): 610-619. DAI Xiaomei, HE Hanwei.Preparation and electrochemical properties of Ni-P-W-Mo hydrogen evolution electrode based on nickel foam[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2022, 27(6): 610-619.