In-situ reaction mechanism and joint microstructure and properties of CuSnTi composite brazing material
ZHAO Yijia1,2, JIU Yongtao2, LIU Hao2, CHEN Zhengnan2, DING Zongye3, LU Quanbin3
1. China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China; 2. Ningbo Zhongji Songlan Cutting Tool Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315700, China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Brazing Filler Metals and Technology, Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China
Abstract：Simplifying the preparation process of CuSnTi solder and reducing production costs are crucial for the development of high-performance tools. In this paper, direct mechanical mixing technique of Cu, Sn, and Ti metal powders was employed to synthesize CuSnTi brazing materials, which was then used to brazed PcBN/YG8 heterogeneous materials. The evolution of microstructures of CuSnTi brazing materials at different reaction temperatures were studied, the in-situ reaction mechanism of brazing materials during the brazing process was revealed, and the microstructure and properties of joint were analyzed. The results show that the in-situ reaction of CuSnTi brazing material can be mainly divided into three stages: in the first stage, Sn melts and reacts with Cu to form Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn in sequence; in the second stage, CuTi, Cu4Ti3, CuTi3, and CuSn3Ti5 precipitate surrounding Ti particles in sequence; in the third stage, liquid brazing material reacts with graphite substrate leading to the formation of TiC, and then solidification and precipitation of irregular CuSn3Ti5. PcBN/YG8 joints brazed with mechanical mixed powder brazing material and alloy powder brazing material both have good metallurgical bonding, with shear strengths of 96.06 MPa and 91.40 MPa, respectively. The joint brazed with mechanical mixed powder brazing material breaks at the PcBN site and exhibits excellent mechanical properties.
[1] 瞿智明, 张福勤, 夏莉红. Cu基钎料钎焊紫铜的接头力学性能和微观组织[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2015, 20(1): 133-138. QU Zhiming, ZHANG Fuqin, XIA Lihong.Mechanical properties and microstructure of copper brazing using Cu-based alloy as filler[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2015, 20(1): 133-138. [2] CUI B, YAN P P, DU Q B, et al.Comparative analysis of the brazing mechanism and wear characteristics of brazed diamond abrasive with Zr-alloyed Cu-based filler metals[J]. Diamond and Related Materials, 2024, 141: 110708. [3] WANG S H, ZHENG Z Y, LI Y L, et al.Microstructure and properties of a YG18/40Cr joint vacuum-brazed by Cu-Sn-Ti filler metal[J]. Vacuum, 2023, 217: 112511. [4] 龙伟民, 郝庆乐, 傅玉灿, 等. 金刚石工具钎焊用连接材料研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(23): 23138-23144. LONG Weimin,HAO Qingle,FU Yucan, et al.Research progress of filler metals for brazing diamond tools[J]. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(23): 23138-23144. [5] ZHANG L.Filler metals, brazing processing and reliability for diamond tools brazing: a review[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2021, 66: 651-668. [6] LU J B, LI H, LI Y, et al.Study on diamond vacuum brazed with Cu-based filler metal containing Cr[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2017, 91(5): 1453-1460. [7] PAN H, JI H J, LIANG M, et al.Size-dependent phase transformation during gas atomization process of Cu-Sn alloy powders[J]. Materials, 2019, 12(2): 245. [8] LI J, WANG F C, SHI C S, et al.High strength-ductility synergy of MgAlB4 whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composites achieved by in situ synthesis[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2021, 799: 140127. [9] 乔瑞林, 龙伟民, 钟素娟, 等. 原位反应在钎焊中的应用[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(23): 141-148. QIAO Ruilin, LONG Weimin, ZHONG Sujuan, et al.Application of in situ reactions in brazing[J]. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(23): 141-148. [10] LONG W M, ZHANG G X, ZHANG Q K.In situ synthesis of high strength Ag brazing filler metals during induction brazing process[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2016, 110: 41-43. [11] 龙伟民, 张冠星, 张青科, 等. 钎焊过程原位合成高强度银钎料[J]. 焊接学报, 2015, 36(11): 1-4. LONG Weimin, ZHANG Guanxing, ZHANG Qingke, et al.In-situ synthesis of high strength Ag brazing filler metals during brazing process[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2015, 36(11): 1-4. [12] 王蒙, 张冠星, 钟素娟, 等. 低熔合金粉末对药芯银钎料钎焊过程的影响[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2021, 50(8): 2859-2866. WANG Meng, ZHANG Guanxing, ZHONG Sujuan, et al.The influence of low melting alloy powder on the brazing process of silver solder with flux core[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2021, 50(8): 2859-2866. [13] 林国标, 黄继华, 张建纲, 等. SiC陶瓷与Ti合金的(Ag-Cu-Ti)-W复合钎焊接头组织结构研究[J]. 材料工程, 2005(10): 17-22. LIN Guobiao, HUANG Jihua, ZHANG Jiangang, et al.Research of microstructure of composite-brazing joints of SiC ceramics and Ti alloy by using (Ag-Cu-Ti)-W as bonding material[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2005(10): 17-22. [14] 郭贝贝, 聂敦伟, 张益中, 等. (Cu-50TiH2)+SiCp复合粉体焊料连接石墨/铜接头的微观结构[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2015, 20(3): 349-355. GUO Beibei, NIE Dunwei, ZHANG Yizhong, et al.Microstructure of graphite/Cu joints brazed with (Cu-50TiH2)+SiCp powder composite filler[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2015, 20(3): 349-355. [15] LI J F, AGYAKWA P A, JOHNSON C M.Interfacial reaction in Cu/Sn/Cu system during the transient liquid phase soldering process[J]. Acta Materialia, 2011, 59(3): 1198-1211. [16] YANG J, HUANG J, YE Z, et al.First-principles calculations on structural energetics of Cu-Ti binary system intermetallic compounds in Ag-Cu-Ti and Cu-Ni-Ti active filler metals[J]. Ceramics International, 2017, 43(10): 7751-7761.
2024, Vol. 29 
