Mg含量对Al-Si-<em>x</em>Mg合金组织及性能的影响

doi:10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025090

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摘要为实现铸造铝合金兼具高强度与高热导率,本文以工业纯铝、Al-20%Si中间合金、纯镁为原材料,采用金属型重力铸造法制备不同Mg含量的Al-Si-Mg合金,通过光学金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、显微硬度计、数字电导率仪、万能拉伸试验机和激光闪射法导热仪等研究Mg含量对Al-Si-Mg合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明：随Mg含量增加,α-Al枝晶得到细化,其二次枝晶臂间距从17.77 μm减小至15.16 μm,同时促进了Mg₂Si相的生成,且其形貌随Mg含量增加由骨骼状向颗粒状转变。经190 ℃/8 h峰时效处理后,纳米尺度β″相的析出提供了显著的强化效果,同时,合金热导率得到明显提高。峰时效态的Al-6Si-1.0Mg合金展现出最优的综合性能,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率及热导率分别达到318.6 MPa、176.2 MPa、6.24%与190.7 W/(m·K)。本研究通过调控Mg含量与时效工艺,在Al-Si-Mg合金中实现了强度与热导率的平衡。

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	阳书超
	赵无忌
	孙珂
	王斌

关键词 ： Mg元素, Al-Si-Mg合金, 纳米β″相, 力学性能, 热导率

Abstract：To achieve a combination of high strength and high thermal conductivity in cast aluminum alloys, this study employed commercial pure Al, Al-20%Si master alloy, and pure Mg as raw materials to prepare Al-Si-Mg alloys with varying Mg contents via permanent mold gravity casting. The effects of Mg content on the microstructure and properties of Al-Si-Mg alloys were systematically investigated using optical metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, microhardness tester, digital electrical conductivity meter, universal tensile testing machine, and laser flash thermal conductivity meter. The results demonstrate that increasing Mg content refines the α-Al dendrites with the secondary dendrite arm spacing decreasing from 17.77 μm to 15.16 μm. Meanwhile, the formation of Mg₂Si phases is promoted, and their morphology transitions from skeletal to particulate as the Mg content increases. After peak aging treatment at 190 ℃ for 8 h, the precipitation of nanoscale β″ phase provides significant strengthening effects, concurrently leading to a notable improvement in thermal conductivity. The peak-aged Al-6Si-1.0Mg alloy exhibits optimal comprehensive properties with tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and thermal conductivity reaching 318.6 MPa, 176.2 MPa, 6.24%, and 190.7 W/(m·K), respectively. By regulating the Mg content and aging process, this study achieves a balance between strength and thermal conductivity in Al-Si-Mg alloys.

Key words： Mg element Al-Si-Mg alloy nano-β″ phase mechanical property thermal conductivity

收稿日期: 2025-12-30 出版日期: 2026-07-03

ZTFLH:

TG146.2+1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51971249)

通讯作者: 王斌,教授,博士。电话：0731-88836320;E-mail:wangbin325@263.net

引用本文:

阳书超, 赵无忌, 孙珂, 王斌. Mg含量对Al-Si-xMg合金组织及性能的影响[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2026, 31(3): 227-235.
YANG Shuchao, ZHAO Wuji, SUN Ke, WANG Bin. Effects of Mg content on the microstructure and properties of Al-Si-xMg alloys[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2026, 31(3): 227-235.

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http://pmbjb.csu.edu.cn/CN/10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025090 或 http://pmbjb.csu.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V31/I3/227

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