Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy

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2025 Vol. 30, No. 6 Published: 2025-12-15

Engineering and Technology Theoretical Research Review

Review

	471	Research progress and development trend of PM superalloys
		WANG Jie, LIU Zhiling, JIA Jian, QU Jinglong, ZHANG Shaoming
		DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025060
		As a key material for turbine disks, powder metallurgy (PM) superalloys are developing in the direction of higher performance. However, there are still some urgent key problems in the preparation process of the alloys, which restrict the further development and application. This paper outlines the progress of PM superalloys from three aspects: the development history, the composition, and the preparation process, analyzes the causes and corresponding solutions to the problems of difficult removal of inclusions, easy to crack, and high cost in the alloys, summarizes the current status of the research on PM superalloys, and looks forward to the future development trend of the alloys.
		2025 Vol. 30 (6): 471-489 [Abstract] ( ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1113 KB) ( )

Theoretical Research

	490	Porosity suppression process of laser cladding nickel-based coatings reforced with 57%WC on P550 non-magnetic steel
		LI Jiajia, LIU Lilan, WANG Jiayi, WANG Shen, HAN Feiyan
		DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025063
		In response to the technical challenge of high porosity in the laser cladding of high WC content non-magnetic nickel-based alloy powder on P550 non-magnetic steel surface, the response surface methodology and single factor method were used to design experiments. The influences of laser cladding process parameters on porosity were analyzed and the main effect factor was researched. Taking the laser power, scanning speed, powder feed rate, and overlap ratio as inputs and the porosity as the response target, a multivariate regression prediction model was established to optimize the process parameters. The results show that the coating porosity can be reduced to 0.22% when laser power is 1 015 W, scanning speed is 5.1 mm/s, powder feed rate is 0.6 r/min, and overlap ratio is 40%, meeting the requirement of engineering application. The microstructure of the coating is uniform, which is mainly composed of cellular crystal, dendritic crystal, and secondary dendritic crystal. The microhardness of the coating is about 1.6 times than that of the matrix, and the wear rate is reduced to 1.5% of the substrate. The research results can provide a process solution for laser cladding low porosity and high wear-resistance coating for the surface strengthening of non-magnetic drilling tools, and promote the engineering application of this technology in the field of petroleum drilling.
		2025 Vol. 30 (6): 490-501 [Abstract] ( ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1092 KB) ( )

Engineering and Technology

	502	Loose-pack sintering preparation and properties of high-strength, low-thermal-conductivity pure-phase porous ZrB₂ ceramics
		GAO Meng, HU Jinrun, LI Tianyou, WANG Bingjun, WANG Yichen, JIANG Fengze, ZENG Yi
		DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025041
		Although traditional pressure-assisted sintering techniques at high temperature and the use of sintering aids can improve the formability of ZrB₂ ceramics, they often cause an increase in the thermal conductivity or a decrease in high-temperature strength, hindering synergistic optimization of mechanical properties and thermal insulation performance. Here, pure-phase porous ZrB₂ ceramics were fabricated via loose-pack sintering using ZrB₂ raw powders with different particle size ratios. The effects of the raw powder size ratio on the microstructure, compressive performance, and thermal conductivity were investigated using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and computed tomography. The sintering forming, strengthening, and thermal insulation mechanisms of ceramics were elucidated. Results indicate that the porosity of loose-pack sintered ZrB₂ ceramics ranges from 43.42% to 46.68% across different particle size ratios. At a fine-to-coarse powder mass ratio of 1:9, the ceramic develops a robust ZrB₂ skeleton and a uniform dual-scale pore network at the micrometer level, achieving a high compressive strength of 364.70 MPa and a low thermal conductivity of only 32.79 W/(m·K). During sintering, moderate fine powders effectively reinforce the skeleton formed by coarse powders, facilitating a uniform microstructure evolution. The connected and isolated pores establish a gradient energy dissipation and defense mechanism, which synergize with the robust ZrB₂ skeleton to ensure excellent compressive performance. Meanwhile, effective thermal insulation results from blocked solid conduction, prolonged gaseous heat transfer paths, induced Knudsen effect via pore structure, and enhanced phonon scattering at high-density large-angle grain boundaries.
		2025 Vol. 30 (6): 502-513 [Abstract] ( ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1092 KB) ( )

	514	Densification behavior of CuCoCrNi/diamond composites under ultrafast high-temperature sintering
		LI Lin, YANG Zihan, WANG Ruochong, LIU Yong
		DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025043
		In this study, ultrafast high-temperature sintering was employed to fabricate diamond composites using CuCoCrNi multi-principal element alloy as the bonding phase. The effects of sintering parameters on the degree of diamond graphitization and densification behavior were investigated with X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscope, and friction experiments. The results demonstrate that ultrafast high-temperature sintering can produce CuCoCrNi/diamond composites with low graphitization (I_G/I_D=0.201 4), low friction factor (μ=0.06), and relative density of 91.22% in a short time by adopting suitable process parameters. Joule heating generated by high current density and localized thermal focusing significantly enhance the sintering driving force, promoting the bonding of Cr in the matrix with the diamond surface to form an interface layer is conducive to the densification of the composites. However, too high energy input can cause diamond particle agglomeration and severe diamond graphitization (I_G/I_D>1.0), reduce the affinity and the interfacial bonding strength between Cr element and diamond particle surface, leading to the decrease of density and friction properties (μ>0.1) of diamond composites.
		2025 Vol. 30 (6): 514-523 [Abstract] ( ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (974 KB) ( )

	524	Wear and corrosion resistance of nanoparticle-reinforced amorphous/nanocrystalline Ni-P/Ni-W-NbC composite coatings
		QI Changhao, LUO Yi, LIU Jiachen, GAO Zekun, ZHANG Yuting, XU Yiku
		DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025065
		To overcome the bottleneck of synergistic enhancement in strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of traditional coatings, this study employed pulse electrodeposition to prepare Ni-P/Ni-W-NbC nanocomposite coatings. The effects of NbC nanoparticle mass concentration on the microstructure and properties of the coatings were systematically investigated using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscope, and X-ray diffractometer. The results indicate that NbC significantly refines the grains of the Ni-W coating through heterogeneous nucleation, achieving optimal dispersive distribution at a mass concentration threshold of 1 g/L. At this mass concentration, the coating exhibits optimal comprehensive performance with a peak microhardness (HV) of 1 123.2, the lowest friction factor of 0.16, and a significantly reduced wear rate. When the NbC nanoparticle mass concentration is 1 g/L, the coating possesses the finest grain size and the densest structure. NbC synergistically optimizes the microstructure of the coating through solid solution strengthening, grain boundary pinning, and reduced porosity. An appropriate amount of NbC (1 g/L) significantly enhances the corrosion resistance of the coating in a NaCl solution with a mass fraction of 3.5%, manifested by an increased charge transfer resistance and a decreased corrosion current density. However, excessive NbC leads to particle agglomeration, inducing microcracks and structural defects, which degrade the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the coating. This study elucidates the interfacial synergistic strengthening mechanism between NbC and the γ-Ni-W coating during pulse electrodeposition, providing a theoretical basis and technical pathway for developing gradient functional coatings with high hardness, low friction, and excellent corrosion resistance.
		2025 Vol. 30 (6): 524-536 [Abstract] ( ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1070 KB) ( )

	537	Preparation and performance evaluation of highly stable and long-cycling Li-B-Zn alloy anode
		YANG Cheng, WU Qiumei, CHEN Libao, WU Zhibin
		DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025049
		Constructing a 3D skeleton inside lithium metal anodes can suppress anode volume change, reduce local current density, and retard lithium dendrite growth. In this study, Li ingots, amorphous B powder, and ZnF₂ powder were used as raw materials to prepare a Li-B-Zn alloy with internal 3D skeleton via a melting method. X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectrometer were employed to characterize the phase composition and internal skeleton structure of the alloy, while the electrochemical performance of the Li-B-Zn alloy anode was evaluated. Results show that nano-sized LiZn particles are uniformly distributed on the LiB fiber skeleton, forming a composite skeleton with abundant lithiophilic sites and excellent structural stability. In symmetric cells, the Li-B-Zn anode achieves a long cycle life of 1 500 h at a high capacity of 5 mAh/cm². The Li-B-Zn\|LFP (LiFePO₄) full cell exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance, with a capacity retention rate of up to 90.15% after 370 cycles at 1 C. Li-B-Zn alloy anode has significant performance advantages in practical applications, and constructing an internal composite 3D skeleton is an efficient approach to address current challenges of lithium metal anodes.
		2025 Vol. 30 (6): 537-543 [Abstract] ( ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (685 KB) ( )

	544	Current-carrying friction performance of Cu-Graphite-CNTs in wind power slip rings at low currents
		SHI Xiongwei, ZHANG Xin, KANG Xiao, WU Liuchen, XIAO Li
		DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025062
		This study prepared Cu-Graphite-CNTs composites with varying composition ratios (CNTs mass fraction is 0.1%-1%, Graphite mass fraction is 10%-20%), and current-carrying friction tests were conducted at 0, 1, 3, and 5 A. The friction and wear behavior of the composites was characterized using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, and Raman spectrometer. And the effects of composition ratios and current on the current-carrying friction performance were investigated. Results indicate that current indirectly affects friction performance by influencing the continuity and integrity of the lubricating film. At 0 A, a fragmented film induces adhesive-abrasive wear, resulting in a high and fluctuating friction factor. Between 1-3 A, moderate Joule heating promotes lubricating film formation, effectively isolating interfaces and suppressing wear. At 5 A, excessive Joule heating causes cracks and film detachment, exacerbating thermal fatigue-adhesive wear. The lubricating film exhibits maximum stability when 0.5% CNTs+10% Graphite (mass fraction) synergize with a 3 A current. This study provides theoretical support for designing high-performance mechanical-electrical composites for wind power slip rings.
		2025 Vol. 30 (6): 544-556 [Abstract] ( ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1408 KB) ( )

	557	The influence of diluent content on the tungsten layer on the surface of self-propagating high-temperature synthetic diamond
		ZHAO Zhuocong, LIU Yong, WANG Li, YANG Zihan
		DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025053
		The tungsten layer on the surface of diamond was prepared using WO₃, Mg, and diamond powders as the reaction system and NaCl as the diluent by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis technology. The adiabatic temperature change was achieved by regulating the NaCl content, and its effects on the coverage radio and thickness of the tungsten layer on the diamond surface were systematically studied. The results show that the coverage radio and thickness of the tungsten layer on the diamond surface increase with the increasing adiabatic temperature. Under the condition that the mass ratio of WO₃, diamond, Mg, NaCl is 1:0.53:0.34:0.13, when the adiabatic temperature reaches 3 569 K, a tungsten layer with a coverage radio of approximately 82%, a thickness of approximately 340 nm and uniform distribution can be obtained. Moreover, the unique instantaneous high-temperature-rapid cooling characteristic of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis effectively improves the stability of diamond, and therefore no obvious graphitization is observed.
		2025 Vol. 30 (6): 557-564 [Abstract] ( ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (693 KB) ( )

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