轻质FCI/SCI/PU复合泡沫的制备及其吸波性能

魏梦婷; 李专; 罗衡; 李静

doi:10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025025

粉末冶金材料科学与工程 >

2025 , Vol. 30 >Issue 4: 351 - 363

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025025

工艺技术

轻质FCI/SCI/PU复合泡沫的制备及其吸波性能

魏梦婷 ,
李专 ,
罗衡 ,
李静

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1.中南大学粉末冶金全国重点实验室,长沙 410083;
2.中南大学电子信息学院,长沙 410004;
3.佛山市粤海通讯有限公司,佛山 528100

收稿日期: 2025-03-19

修回日期: 2025-07-06

网络出版日期: 2025-10-13

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52075555); 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2024YFB38150003)

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Preparation and microwave absorption properties of lightweight FCI/SCI/PU composite foam

WEI Mengting ,
LI Zhuan ,
LUO Heng ,
LI Jing

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1. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. School of Electronic Information, Central South University, Changsha 410004, China;
3. Foshan Eahison Communication Co., Ltd, Foshan 528100, China

Received date: 2025-03-19

Revised date: 2025-07-06

Online published: 2025-10-13

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摘要

发泡是实现电磁波吸收材料轻质化的有效手段,并且电磁波在泡孔中存在多重散射,有利于提高吸波效率。本文利用多形状磁性微粉与泡孔结构的协同作用,采用机械共混与一步发泡法,将片状羰基铁(flake carbonyl iron, FCI)与球状羰基铁(spherical carbonyl iron, SCI)复合添加到聚氨酯(polyurethane, PU)基体中,制备轻质多孔聚氨酯复合泡沫(FCI/SCI/PU),研究不同质量比FCI和SCI对FCI/SCI/PU泡沫在X波段吸波性能的影响与机理。结果表明：FCI和SCI质量比为2∶1时,FCI/SCI/PU泡沫的吸波性能最佳,在12.4 GHz处达到吸收峰值,为-29.17 dB,有效吸收带宽为2.12 GHz,泡沫的密度为0.30 g/cm³。电磁波吸收性能的提高来自涡流损耗、自然共振和界面极化等多种损耗机制,以及泡孔结构带来的良好阻抗匹配性能与多重散射效应。

关键词： 电磁波吸收; 协同设计; 轻质复合材料; 泡沫; 羰基铁

本文引用格式

魏梦婷 , 李专 , 罗衡 , 李静 . 轻质FCI/SCI/PU复合泡沫的制备及其吸波性能[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2025 , 30(4) : 351 -363 . DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025025

Abstract

Foaming is an effective method for achieving lightweight electromagnetic wave absorption materials, and electromagnetic waves undergo multiple scattering within the foam pores, which helps improve absorption efficiency. This study leveraged the synergistic effect of multi-shaped magnetic powders and pore structures, employing mechanical blending and a one-step foaming method to composite-add flake carbonyl iron (FCI) and spherical carbonyl iron (SCI) into a polyurethane (PU) matrix, to prepare lightweight porous polyurethane composite foam (FCI/SCI/PU). The influence and mechanism of different FCI and SCI mass ratios on the X-band absorptive performance of FCI/SCI/PU foam were investigated. The results indicate that when the mass ratio of FCI to SCI is 2∶1, the FCI/SCI/PU foam exhibits optimal absorption properties, reaching an absorption peak at 12.4 GHz with a value of -29.17 dB, an effective absorption bandwidth of 2.12 GHz, and a foam density of 0.30 g/cm³. The improvement in electromagnetic wave absorption properties stems from multiple loss mechanisms such as eddy current loss, natural resonance, and interface polarization, as well as the foam's excellent impedance matching performance and multiple scattering effects due to its pore structure.

Key words： electromagnetic wave absorption; synergetic design; lightweight composite; foam; carbonyl iron

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