粉末热挤压制备原位纳米Al2O3增强铝基复合材料的高温力学性能

匡蜀黔; 张良贤; 张涛; 姜腾蛟; 赵科; 刘金铃

doi:10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025039

粉末冶金材料科学与工程 >

2025 , Vol. 30 >Issue 4: 343 - 350

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025039

工艺技术

粉末热挤压制备原位纳米Al₂O₃增强铝基复合材料的高温力学性能

匡蜀黔 ,
张良贤 ,
张涛 ,
姜腾蛟 ,
赵科 ,
刘金铃

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1.西南交通大学力学与航空航天学院,成都 611756;
2.西南交通大学先进结构材料力学行为与服役安全四川省重点实验室,成都 611756;
3.四川轻化工大学材料科学与工程学院,自贡 643000

收稿日期: 2025-04-11

修回日期: 2025-07-16

网络出版日期: 2025-10-13

基金资助

四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2020YFG0140)

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High-temperature mechanical properties of in-situ nano-Al₂O₃ reinforced aluminum matrix composites prepared by powder hot extrusion

KUANG Shuqian ,
ZHANG Liangxian ,
ZHANG Tao ,
JIANG Tengjiao ,
ZHAO Ke ,
LIU Jinling

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1. School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China;
2. Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials Mechanical Behavior and Service Safety, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China;
3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China

Received date: 2025-04-11

Revised date: 2025-07-16

Online published: 2025-10-13

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摘要

超音速飞行器的减重设计对在300 ℃以上服役的轻质高强Al基材料提出了迫切需求。本文采用粉末热挤压工艺制备原位纳米Al₂O₃增强Al基复合材料,并通过X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、拉伸性能测试等对其微观结构和高温力学性能进行研究。结果表明：原位生成的纳米Al₂O₃颗粒(约115 nm)均匀分散于Al基体中,基体的平均晶粒尺寸约为640 nm,复合材料的硬度(HV)为148;在500 ℃热暴露100 h后,复合材料的硬度和平均晶粒尺寸基本保持不变;复合材料的室温抗拉强度为482 MPa,伸长率为5.9%,在300 ℃的抗拉强度为240 MPa,这主要归因于原位生成的纳米颗粒能够有效钉扎晶界和阻碍位错运动,使组织保持热稳定,从而显著提高了Al基复合材料的高温力学性能。

关键词： 铝基复合材料; 粉末热挤压; 原位反应; Al₂O₃; 高温力学性能

本文引用格式

匡蜀黔 , 张良贤 , 张涛 , 姜腾蛟 , 赵科 , 刘金铃 . 粉末热挤压制备原位纳米Al₂O₃增强铝基复合材料的高温力学性能[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2025 , 30(4) : 343 -350 . DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025039

Abstract

The weight reduction design of supersonic aircraft urgently requires lightweight and high-strength Al matrix materials for service above 300 ℃. In this study, an in-situ nano-Al₂O₃ reinforced Al matrix composites were fabricated via powder hot extrusion, and their microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties were investigated by X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and tensile property test. The results show that in-situ generated nano-Al₂O₃ particles (approximately 115 nm) are uniformly dispersed within the Al matrix, which exhibits an average grain size of approximately 640 nm, and yielding a composite hardness (HV) of 148. After thermal exposure at 500 ℃ for 100 h, the composites maintain nearly unchanged hardness and average grain size. The composites achieves a room-temperature tensile strength of 482 MPa with an elongation of 5.9%, while maintaining a tensile strength of 240 MPa at 300 ℃. This enhancement is primarily attributed to the effective pinning of grain boundaries and hindrance of dislocation motion by the in-situ nanoparticles, maintaining the thermal stability of the structure, which significantly improves the high-temperature mechanical performance of the composites.

Key words： aluminum matrix composite; powder hot extrusion; in-situ reaction; Al₂O₃; high-temperature mechanical property

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