Abstract：Carbon fiber felts with different areal densities were firstly fabricated by wet process using short-cut carbon fibers as raw materials. Afterwards, carbon fiber paper (CP) with gradient porous structure was prepared through double-layer or multi-layer molding, resin impregnation and heat treatment. The pore structure, pore size distribution along with porosity and air permeability of as-prepared CP were measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM), mercury intrusion method and porous analyzer. The results show that the CP has gradient structure with graphitization degree of 93.14%. The average porosity of the multi-layer paper is 75.5%, and the average porosity of the double-layer paper is 81.4%. The air permeability, in-plane resistivity, tensile strength and flexural strength of multi-layer paper are 5 272 m/(kPa∙h), 11.78 mΩ∙cm, 20.62 MPa and 60.88 MPa, respectively, exceeding those of commercial CP. In addition, CP with gradient porous structure shows superior corrosion resistance over commercial CP in acid solution.
王钰彦, 詹振翔, 谢志勇, 雷霆. 湿法成形梯度孔隙结构炭纤维纸的结构与性能[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2022, 27(2): 215-223.
WANG Yuyan, ZHAN Zhenxiang, XIE Zhiyong, LEI Ting. Structure and properties of wet forming carbon fiber paper with gradient porous structure. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2022, 27(2): 215-223.
[1] SIM J, KANG M, MIN K.Effects of basic gas diffusion layer components on PEMFC performance with capillary pressure gradient[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(54): 27731-27748. [2] GAO W T, HU Z Y, HUANG H Y, et al.All-condition economy evaluation method for fuel cell systems: system efficiency contour map[J]. Transportation, 2021, 9: 100127. [3] PAHON E, BOUQUAIN D, HISSEL D, et al.Performance analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell in automotive applications[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2021, 510: 230385. [4] FAN L X, XING L, TU Z K, et al.A breakthrough hydrogen and oxygen utilization in a H2-O2 PEMFC stack with dead-ended anode and cathode[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2021, 243: 114404. [5] ZHANG J, HU Y, HAN C J, et al.Stress response and contact behavior of PEMFC during the assembly and working condition[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(59): 30467-30478. [6] ALDAKHEEL F, ISMAIL M S, HUGHES K J, et al.Gas permeability, wettability and morphology of gas diffusion layers before and after performing a realistic ex-situ compression test[J]. Renewable Energy, 2020, 151: 1082-1091. [7] CHEN L, WANG Y F, TAO W Q.Experimental study on the effect of temperature and water content on the thermal conductivity of gas diffusion layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 2020, 19: 100616. [8] KIM H, LEE Y J, LEE D C, et al.Fabrication of the carbon paper by wet-laying of ozone-treated carbon fibers with hydrophilic functional groups[J]. Carbon, 2013, 60: 429-436. [9] MAHESHWARI P H, GUPTA C, MATHUR R B.Role of fiber length and pore former on the porous network of carbon paper electrode and its performance in PEMFC[J]. Fuel Cells, 2014, 14(4): 566-573. [10] ZHANG X J, PEI H, SHEN Z M. Carbon fiber paper modified with carbon nanotube for proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2010, 139/141: 76-79. [11] MATHUR R B, MAHESHWARI P H, DHAMI T L, et al.Processing of carbon composite paper as electrode for fuel cell[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2006, 161(2): 790-798. [12] MAHESHWARI P H, MATHUR R B.Improved performance of PEM fuel cell using carbon paper electrode prepared with CNT coated carbon fibers[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2009, 54(28): 7476-7482. [13] LIU C H, KO T H, LIAO Y K.Effect of carbon black concentration in carbon fiber paper on the performance of low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2008, 178(1): 80-85. [14] TAN S C, LI J J, ZHOU L J, et al.Hydrophilic carbon fiber paper based electrode coated with graphene for high performance supercapacitors[J]. Materials Letters, 2018, 233: 278-281. [15] TURKMEN A C, CELIK C.The effect of different gas diffusion layer porosity on proton exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. Fuel, 2018, 222: 465-474. [16] CHEN L, LIN R, TANG S H, et al.Structural design of gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cell at varying humidification[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 467: 228355. [17] HUANG Z L, JI Z P, YIN P C, et al.Salicylic acid impregnated activated carbon fiber paper: an effective platform for the simple and sensitive detection of hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere[J]. Electrochemistry Communications, 2019, 100: 113-116. [18] WANG T, LÜ L, SHI L.Surface functionalization and shape tuning of carbon fiber monofilament via direct microplasma scanning for ultramicroelectrode application[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2020, 531: 147414. [19] HUNG C J, LIU C H, WANG C H, et al.Effect of conductive carbon material content and structure in carbon fiber paper made from carbon felt on the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Renewable Energy, 2015, 78: 364-373. [20] KAUSHAL S, SAHU A K, RANI M, et al.Multiwall carbon nanotubes tailored porous carbon fiber paper-based gas diffusion layer performance in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell[J]. Renewable Energy, 2019, 142: 604-611. [21] SALAHUDDIN M, UDDIN M N, HWANG G, et al.Superhydrophobic PAN nanofibers for gas diffusion layers of proton exchange membrane fuel cells for cathodic water management[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43(25): 11530-11538. [22] CHEVALIER S, LAVIELLE N, HATTON B D, et al.Novel electrospun gas diffusion layers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: part I. fabrication, morphological characterization, and in situ performance[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 352(1): 272-280. [23] GUO X J, SI X Q, LI C, et al.Active brazing of C/C composites and single crystal Ni-based superalloy: interfacial microstructure and formation mechanism[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021, 886: 161183. [24] JIA J G, JU J K, LIU S W, et al.Preparation and mechanical properties of C/C composites reinforced with arrayed SiC columnar pins[J]. Ceramics International, 2021, 47(17): 24262-24269. [25] ZHAO J J, LIU Y M, QUAN X, et al.Nitrogen-doped carbon with a high degree of graphitization derived from biomass as high-performance electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2017, 396(28): 986-993. [26] DIKIN D A, STANKOVICH S, ZIMNEY E J, et al.Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper[J]. Nature, 2007, 448: 457-460.
2022, Vol. 27 
