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2026 Vol. 31, No. 1
Published: 2026-02-15
Engineering and Technology
Theoretical Research
Review
Review
1
Research progress on preparation and photocatalytic application of TiO
2
hollow microspheres
LIU Zeyu, XIANG Yang, PENG Zhihang, JI Fengchun, SUN Shuo
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025075
TiO
2
hollow microspheres, as a new type of inorganic functional material with both the intrinsic excellent properties of TiO
2
and the features of hollow structures, demonstrate broad application prospects in the fields of photocatalysis, environmental governance, energy storage, and biomedicine. This paper systematically reviews six mainstream preparation methods (hard template method, Stöber method, microemulsion method, solvothermal reaction method, layer-by-layer self-assembly method, and spray reaction method) for TiO
2
hollow microspheres, and provides a detailed comparative analysis of their mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. It examines the application progress in photocatalysis, including reaction mechanism, pollutant removal, and biomedical applications. It further analyzes key factors of limiting photocatalytic performance and summarizes optimization strategies such as microstructure regulation, elemental doping, and heterostructure construction. Although large-scale production and practical application of TiO
2
hollow microspheres still face numerous challenges, future integration of computational simulation and artificial intelligence technologies is expected to achieve efficient, controllable, and green synthesis, advancing their transition from laboratory research to industrial application.
2026 Vol. 31 (1): 1-23 [
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] (
)
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24
Research progress on synthesis of SiC and Si
3
N
4
/SiC nanopowders from agricultural waste rice husk
ZHOU Yuqi, YU Ji, CHEN Yang, WU Yixin, LONG Siyi, DENG Chengji, DING Jun, WU Jinyang
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025067
The resource utilization of agricultural wastes has always been a concern for humans. As a renewable resource, biomass rice husk is rich in Si and C elements, and it is a cheap, readily available, and sustainable use waste resource. Researchers have conducted numerous studies to finding low-cost, large-scale, and green sustainable processes for the development and utilization of rice husk. In this paper, the composition and structure of rice husk are first briefly introduced. The reaction mechanisms and characteristics of SiC and Si
3
N
4
/SiC nanopowders synthesized by traditional methods and new processes are reviewed in detail. Finally, the existing problems of SiC and Si
3
N
4
/SiC nanopowders synthesized from rice husk are summarized, so as to further promote the development of high quality rice husk-based silicides.
2026 Vol. 31 (1): 24-36 [
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] (
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Theoretical Research
37
Effects of deposition conditions on the deposition rate of large-size C/C composites
LI Ang, WANG Yalei, Liu Qinglin, ZHANG Liqiang, LI Haimei
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025066
C/C composites are widely used in aerospace due to their excellent high-temperature resistance. This work focused on the problem that the deposition rate and uniformity of pyrolytic carbon (PyC) during the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process affected by multiple parameters, established the finite element model of the double-chamber reactor, analyzed the concentration distributions of gas-phase components in the reactor via simulation, examined the influence rules of process temperature, inlet gas flow rate, and system pressure on large-size C/C composite PyC deposition reaction kinetics, and verified simulated results in conjunction with experiments. The results indicate that the simulated results exhibit the same trend as the experimental data with a maximum error of 9.65% in the average deposition rate, confirming the reliability of the finite element model. This work provides theoretical support for optimizing CVI process parameters and the efficient fabrication of large-size C/C composites.
2026 Vol. 31 (1): 37-47 [
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48
Dynamic recrystallization kinetics model and deformation behavior in Ni-15%Pt alloy target under 135° clock rolling
XU Xin, XU Rui, FENG Guofang, LI Wei, SHEN Bangpo, MA Shengcan
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025069
Based on the work hardening rate-stress (
θ
-
σ
) curves, the critical strain model and kinetics model for dynamic recrystallization were established for Ni-15%Pt (mass fraction) alloy target. Three rolling processes were designed, such as clock 135° synchronous rolling, clock 135° asynchronous rolling, and clock 135° snake rolling. Combined with DEFORM-3D numerical simulations, a comparative study was conducted on the metal flow velocity, equivalent strain distribution, and rolling force of the rolled pieces under synchronous and asynchronous rolling processes. The evolution of the equivalent strain at the core of the rolled pieces under the three processes was analyzed, and the damage values under clock 135° snake rolling with different offset distances were compared. The results indicate that clock 135° asynchronous rolling induces a deeper deformation layer and higher metal flow velocity and equivalent strain compared to synchronous rolling. Moreover, the maximum rolling force during asynchronous rolling is reduced by up to 22.21%, as part of the energy is utilized to generate cross shear stress, thereby reducing the risk of defect formation. Under clock 135° snake rolling, a minimum damage value of 0.97 is achieved at an offset distance of 8 mm, which effectively corrects the plate warping induced by asynchronous rolling. This study provides important guidance for the parameter setting of hot rolling processes for metal and alloy targets.
2026 Vol. 31 (1): 48-61 [
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] (
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62
Effects of dished end optimization on the temperature distribution and mechanical properties of additive manufacturing pressure vessels
HU Yuheng, WU Liguang, CHEN Ruilei, YE Jianbo, WANG Xiaokang, CAI Gaoshen
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025076
Based on Solidworks modeling and ANSYS finite element analysis, the temperature distribution and mechanical properties of pressure vessels with dome end and dished end heads were compared under an internal pressure of 0.7 MPa and an internal temperature of -253 ℃. The results show that the overall temperature fields of the two are similar, while differences in peak value and location are observed. The maximum temperature (30.97 ℃) of the dome end head occurs at the middle region on the inner side of the end-cap, whereas the maximum teperature (28.87 ℃) of the dished end head occurs at the end-cap/inner-vessel junction plane. The maximum equivalent stress of the dome end head pressure vessel occurs in the circular arc transition section of the outer surface of the cylinder, which is 161.43 MPa, and the maximum equivalent stress of the dished end head pressure vessel is located in the constraint area of the connection between the base and the ground, which is 160.25 MPa. The dished end head pressure vessel optimizes the stress gradient through its transition-arc structure, significantly reducing the area of high-stress regions and the deformation. The maximum deformation is reduced to 0.217 5 mm, and the fatigue life reaches 25 486 cycles, which is 33% higher than that of the dome end head pressure vessel (19 094 cycles). This study reveals the key effects of structural design on temperature distribution, local stress distribution, and fatigue property, indicating that the dished end head achieves superior temperature uniformity, stiffness, deformation resistance, and fatigue resistance due to virtue of its segmented load-carrying, providing a theoretical basis for pressure vessel optimal design.
2026 Vol. 31 (1): 62-70 [
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] (
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Engineering and Technology
71
CMAS corrosion resistance of polymer-derived (5RE
0.2
)
2
Si
x
O
2
x
+3
/SiOC ceramic nanocomposites at 1 300-1 500 ℃
HUANG Xu, WEN Qingbo, JIANG Yangyang, JIANG Tao, ZOU Hongfei, XIONG Xiang
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025048
Dense monolithic (5RE
0.2
)
2
Si
x
O
2
x
+3
/SiOC (RE=Yb, Ho, Er, Lu, Tb, Tm, Gd,
x
=1 or 2) ceramic nanocomposites were fabricated from rare-earth acetates and polysiloxane via the polymer-derived ceramics route coupled with spark plasma sintering. The resistance of the ceramic nanocomposites to CaO-MgO-Al
2
O
3
-SiO
2
(CMAS) corrosion at 1 300-1 500 ℃, along with the underlying corrosion mechanisms, was investigated using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The results indicate that the ceramic nanocomposites comprise a SiOC matrix with a uniformly distributed high-entropy rare-earth silicate phase (5RE
0.2
)
2
Si
x
O
2
x
+3
. The ceramic nanocomposites exhibit low mass loss and a thin corrosion layer at 1 300- 1 500 ℃, demonstrating excellent CMAS corrosion resistance. This superior performance is primarily attributed to the formation of a Ca
3
(5RE)
2
(Si
3
O
9
)
2
cyclosilicate layer, resulting from the reaction between the (5RE
0.2
)
2
Si
x
O
2
x
+3
phase and the molten CMAS, which effectively inhibit further infiltration. Furthermore, the specific rare-earth element in the (5RE
0.2
)
2
Si
x
O
2
x
+3
phase plays a crucial role in the CMAS corrosion resistance of the ceramic nanocomposites. Gd-containing ceramic nanocomposites exhibit optimal long-term resistance at 1 300 ℃, with a mass loss of only 3.6% after 20 h of corrosion. In contrast, Tb-containing ceramic nanocomposites demonstrate superior performance at a higher temperature, resulting in a remarkably thin corrosion layer of merely 20 μm after corrosion at 1 500 ℃ for 5 h.
2026 Vol. 31 (1): 71-85 [
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86
Forming parameter optimization and electrolytic polishing of lattice structures in laser powder bed fusion NiTi alloy
ZHAO Junzhe, YANG Rui, WANG Minbo, CHAI Yuqing, PENG Yue, ZHENG Dan
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025058
NiTi alloys, known for their shape memory effect, superelasticity, and excellent biocompatibility, are widely used in aerospace and biomedical fields. In this study, Ni
50.95
Ti alloys were fabricated via laser powder bed fusion to systematically investigate the effects of laser power and scanning speed on metallurgical defects and microhardness. The microstructural features of the scan and build surfaces under optimal processing conditions were characterized, and the regulation effect of electrolytic polishing on the surface morphology of lattice nodes was evaluated. Results show that low scanning speeds (450, 550 mm/s) tend to induce cracks, while higher scanning speeds (650~850 mm/s) significantly improve densification, however, energy densities above 110 J/mm
3
promote pore formation. Under optimal parameters (135 W, 650 mm/s), the alloys consisted of B2 austenite and B19′ martensite exhibit〈100〉//BD and〈110〉//BD textures, and are crack-free. Electrolytic polishing for 3 min effectively remove unmelted powders, produce a smooth and pit-free surface, providing process support for the application of lattice-structured NiTi alloys in biomedical field.
2026 Vol. 31 (1): 86-97 [
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] (
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98
Preparation and ablation properties of solid solution ceramic Ta
0.2
Zr
0.8
C and SiC matrix-modified C/C composites
LIU Ruizhi, ZHOU Yuanming, YI Maozhong
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025081
To meet the increasing performance requirements of next-generation hypersonic vehicles, this study employs the solid solution ceramic Ta
0.2
Zr
0.8
C to matrix-modify C/C composites used in their hot-end components, thereby further enhancing their ablation resistance. C/C-Ta
0.2
Zr
0.8
C-SiC and C/C-TaC-ZrC-SiC composites were fabricated through a high-solid-loading slurry impregnation method combined with a precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process. The microstructures and ablation properties under an oxyacetylene flame of the two composites were investigated using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The results indicate that after 120 s of ablation, the C/C-TaC-ZrC-SiC composite exhibits mass and linear ablation rates of 6.67 mg/s and 22.76 μm/s, respectively, whereas the C/C-Ta
0.2
Zr
0.8
C-SiC composite shows significantly lower values of 0.67 mg/s and 0.18 μm/s, demonstrating superior ablation resistance. During ablation, within the Ta-Zr-O oxide layer on the surface of the C/C-Ta
0.2
Zr
0.8
C-SiC composite, a Zr-rich oxide skeleton phase provides a pinning effect, while a Ta-rich oxide binder phase provides a connective and filling effect. The synergistic effect between the two phases effectively suppresses the spallation and splashing of oxides, increases the compactness of the oxide layer, and ultimately improves the ablation resistance of the composites.
2026 Vol. 31 (1): 98-112 [
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