|
|
|
| Microstructure and mechanical properties of GH3536 alloy by laser powder bed fusion |
| LIANG Shengxiang1, LI Ruidi1, YUAN Tiechui1, ZHANG Yi2, MA Xin2, HUANG Min2 |
1. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; 2. AECC South Industry Company Limited, Zhuzhou 412002, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract GH3536 alloy exhibits stable performance at elevated temperatures and is extensively utilized in high-temperature resistant components, including eddy current devices and engine blades. In this research, GH3536 alloy blocks were fabricated using laser powder bed fusion with partitioned block rotating scanning. The surface microstructure of the alloy was analyzed through scanning electron microscope and electron backscatter diffraction. Additionally, the mechanical properties and microhardness of the printed alloy were evaluated at room temperature. The results indicate that GH3536 alloy exhibits a limited number of pores and microcracks. Furthermore, a distinct microstructural difference is observed between the horizontal surface (XOY plane) and the constructed surface (XOZ plane). The XOY plane displays parallel scanning tracks, whereas the XOZ plane reveals melt pools, and the grains are fine and the dislocation density is relatively high at the melt pool boundaries. The room temperature tensile strengths of the alloy parallel to the XOY direction and the XOZ direction are 878 MPa and 762 MPa, respectively, and the elongation rates are 32% and 42%, respectively. There are a large number of small dimples at the tensile fracture. The microhardness (HV0.2) for the XOY and XOZ planes are 308 and 299, respectively.
|
|
Received: 27 March 2025
Published: 27 November 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 郑寅岚, 何艳丽, 陈晓晖, 等. 选区激光熔化成形GH3536合金的高温拉伸性能及断裂行为分析[J]. 中国激光, 2020, 47(8): 106-115. ZHENG Yinlan, HE Yanli, CHEN Xiaohui, et al.Elevated- temperature tensile properties and fracture behavior of GH3536 alloy formed via selective laser melting[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2020, 47(8): 106-115. [2] XU B, LI B, TONG J P, et al.Microstructural evolution and corrosion behavior of deformed GH3536 alloy fabricated by laser metal deposition for bipolar plates in PEMFC[J]. Vacuum, 2024, 227: 113440. [3] YU C Z, CHEN N, LI R D, et al.Selective laser melting of GH3536 superalloy: microstructure, mechanical properties, and hydrocyclone manufacturing[J]. Advanced Powder Materials, 2024, 3(1): 100134. [4] LIU H, GU D D, XI L X, et al.High-performance aluminum-based materials processed by laser powder bed fusion: process, microstructure, defects and properties coordination[J]. Additive Manufacturing Frontiers, 2024, 3(2): 200145. [5] 王阳波, 李瑞迪, 支盛兴, 等. 激光粉末床熔融制备高强度Al-Mg-Sc-Er-Zr合金的组织与力学性能[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2024, 29(6): 496-504. WANG Yangbo, LI Ruidi, ZHI Shengxing, et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength Al-Mg-Sc-Er-Zr alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2024, 29(6): 496-504. [6] JAMHARI F I, FOUDZI F M, BUHAIRI M A, et al.Influence of heat treatment parameters on microstructure and mechanical performance of titanium alloy in LPBF: a brief review[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2023, 24: 4091-4110. [7] ZHENG W P, ZHU Y M, ZHANG Y, et al.Research on heat treatment of nickel-based superalloys by laser powder bed fusion: a review[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2025, 1010: 177522. [8] JARLÖV A, ZHU Z G, JI W M, et al. Recent progress in high-entropy alloys for laser powder bed fusion: design, processing, microstructure, and performance[J]. Materials Science and Engineering R-Reports, 2024, 161: 100834. [9] 康景涛, 刘子豪, 郑聃, 等. Ni含量对激光粉末床熔融成形NiTi形状记忆合金显微组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 铸造技术, 2023, 44(7): 649-656. KANG Jingtao, LIU Zihao, ZHENG Dan, et al.Effects of Ni concentration on microstructures and mechanical properties of NiTi alloys fabricated via laser powder bed fusion[J]. Foundry Technology, 2023, 44(7): 649-656. [10] LU J W, ZHENG H, JI X C, et al.Crack characteristics analysis and mechanisms in GH3536 alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2024, 162: 108382. [11] PROMOPPATUM P, SRINIVASAN R, QUEK S S, et al.Quantification and prediction of lack-of-fusion porosity in the high porosity regime during laser powder bed fusion of Ti-6Al-4V[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2022, 300: 117426. [12] 周欢, 刘祖铭, 李建, 等. 低温退火对激光粉末床熔融成形René104Sc镍基高温合金显微组织和残余应力的影响[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2024, 29(1): 20-34. ZHOU Huan, LIU Zuming, LI Jian, et al.Effects of low temperature annealing on microstructure and residual stress of René104Sc nickel-base superalloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2024, 29(1): 20-34. [13] 刘冠, 赵凯, 刘德福, 等. 激光增材制造中裂纹萌生机理及抑制方法研究[J]. 铸造技术, 2024, 45(9): 803-821. LIU Guan, ZHAO Kai, LIU Defu, et al.Study of the crack initiation mechanism and suppression methods in laser additive manufacturing[J]. Foundry Technology, 2024, 45(9): 803-821. [14] 蔡嘉楠, 陈超越, 赵睿鑫, 等. 扫描间距对激光粉末床熔融制备Inconel 939高温合金裂纹缺陷的影响[J]. 铸造技术, 2024, 45(11): 1015-1024. CAI Jianan, CHEN Chaoyue, ZHAO Ruixin, et al.Effect of hatch distance on the cracking of Inconel 939 superalloy fabricated via laser powder bed fusion[J]. Foundry Technology, 2024, 45(11): 1015-1024. [15] SHRIVASTAVA A, KUMAR S A, RAO S, et al.Exploring how LPBF process parameters impact the interface characteristics of LPBF Inconel 718 deposited on Inconel 718 wrought substrates[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2024, 174: 110571. [16] 李鑫, 程向, 胡鹏飞, 等. 激光粉末床熔融镍基高温合金开裂行为研究[J]. 铸造技术, 2024, 45(8): 763-771. LI Xin, CHENG Xiang, HU Pengfei, et al.Study on the cracking behaviour of nickel-based superalloys via laser powder bed fusion[J]. Foundry Technology, 2024, 45(8): 763-771. [17] ZAGADE P R, GAUTHAM B P, DE A, et al.Analytical modelling of scanning strategy effect on temperature field and melt track dimensions in laser powder bed fusion[J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2024, 82: 104046. [18] WANG D, WU S B, YANG Y Q, et al.effect of a scanning strategy on the residual stress of 316L steel parts fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM)[J]. Materials, 2018, 11(10): 1821. [19] 杨高林, 朱兆恒, 李梓杉, 等. 分区尺寸对选区激光熔化成形316L表面结构的影响[J]. 中国表面工程, 2023, 36(3): 74-86. YANG Gaolin, ZHU Zhaoheng, LI Zishan, et al.Influence of divisional size on structural quality of 316L parts printed by selective laser melting[J]. China Surface Engineering, 2023, 36(3): 74-86. [20] FARDAN A, FAZI A, SCHRÖDER J, et al. Microstructure tailoring for crack mitigation in CM247LC manufactured by powder bed fusion-laser beam[J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2025, 99: 104672. [21] YU H, LI X, JIANG H, et al.Influence of initial heat treatment on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during cold rolling and annealing of Hastelloy X[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2024, 981: 173674. [22] AGRAWAL S, AVADHANI G S, SUWAS S.Deformation behaviour of additively manufactured Hastelloy X at high temperatures: the role of concurrent carbide precipitation[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2025, 1021: 179636. [23] HE X, REVILLA R I, KONG D C, et al.The nature of oxide films in process-induced lack-of-fusion defects on laser powder bed fusion-fabricated Hastelloy X Ni-based alloy[J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2025, 101: 104709. [24] AGRAWAL S, KUMAR C, AVADHANI G S, et al.Anisotropic creep and stress rupture behaviour of laser powder bed fusion processed Hastelloy X[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2025, 934: 148342. [25] CHAUDRY U M, HAN S C, TAYYAB K B, et al.Unraveling the anisotropic corrosion behavior along the building direction in laser powder bed fusion processed Hastelloy X[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2024, 33: 1188-1200. [26] KHAIRALLAH S A, ANDERSON A T, RUBENCHIK A, et al.Laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing: physics of complex melt flow and formation mechanisms of pores, spatter, and denudation zones[J]. Acta Materialia, 2016, 108: 36-45. [27] TANG J, WRÓBEL R, SCHEEL P, et al. The role of process parameters and printing position on meltpool variations in LPBF Hastelloy X: insights into laser-plume interaction[J]. Additive Manufacturing Letters, 2024, 9: 100203. [28] CHEN N, ZHENG D, NIU P D, et al.Laser powder bed fusion of GH3536 nickel-based superalloys: processing parameters, microstructure and mechanical properties[J]. Materials Characterization, 2023, 202: 113018. [29] MAGANA-CARRANZA R, SUTCLIFFE C J, PATTERSON E A.The effect of processing parameters and material properties on residual forces induced in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)[J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2021, 46: 102192. [30] CALCAGNOTTO M, PONGE D, DEMIR E, et al.Orientation gradients and geometrically necessary dislocations in ultrafine grained dual-phase steels studied by 2D and 3D EBSD[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2010, 527(10/11): 2738-2746. |
|
|
|