Pb(Zr,Ti)O3陶瓷的凝胶注模制备与电学性能研究

王思源; 刘盛文; 张斗; 袁晰

doi:10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2026019

粉末冶金材料科学与工程 >

2026 , Vol. 31 >Issue 3: 267 - 282

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2026019

工艺技术

Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃陶瓷的凝胶注模制备与电学性能研究

王思源 ,
刘盛文 ,
张斗 ,
袁晰

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1.中南大学粉末冶金研究院,长沙 410083;
2.中南大学化学化工学院,长沙 410083

收稿日期: 2026-02-06

修回日期: 2026-04-01

网络出版日期: 2026-07-03

基金资助

教育部基础学科和交叉学科突破计划资助项目(JYB2025XDXM409); 湖南省教育厅科学研究项目青年项目(24B0019)

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Gel casting preparation and electrical properties study of Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ ceramics

WANG Siyuan ,
LIU Shengwen ,
ZHANG Dou ,
YUAN Xi

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1. Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Received date: 2026-02-06

Revised date: 2026-04-01

Online published: 2026-07-03

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摘要

为满足异形结构压电陶瓷的制造需求,本研究采用凝胶注模工艺制备Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ (PZT)陶瓷,通过旋转流变仪、万能力学试验机、铁电分析仪、阻抗分析仪、准静态压电测试仪和扫描电子显微镜等,系统探究分散剂用量、固相含量及树脂浓度对浆料流变性、生坯强度和陶瓷电学性能的影响。结果表明：选用聚丙烯酸铵为分散剂,在添加量为0.7%(质量分数)时浆料黏度最低,在100 s^-1下为201.05 mPa·s,流动性最优。固相含量不高于55%(体积分数)时,浆料呈现良好剪切变稀行为,适宜复杂结构填充。生坯抗弯强度随树脂浓度增加而提升,在树脂质量分数为25%、固相体积分数为55%时达到(41.79±5.49) MPa,满足异形坯体脱模要求。该配方下,1 275 ℃烧结得到的陶瓷结构致密、晶粒均匀,压电常数d₃₃可达(618.36±5.65) pC/N,相对介电常数ε_r为2 455.41±33.16,机电耦合系数k_p为0.62,综合性能接近甚至优于传统干压成形样品,远超3D打印样品。研究表明,通过优化凝胶注模工艺参数,可实现对复杂形状PZT陶瓷的高质量近净成形,为异形压电元件的制备提供了有效途径。

关键词： 凝胶注模; 水溶性环氧树脂; 锆钛酸铅陶瓷; 近净成形; 压电陶瓷; 流变性能

本文引用格式

王思源 , 刘盛文 , 张斗 , 袁晰 . Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃陶瓷的凝胶注模制备与电学性能研究[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2026 , 31(3) : 267 -282 . DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2026019

Abstract

To meet the manufacturing requirements of piezoelectric ceramics with special-shaped structures, this study employed the gel casting process to fabricate Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ (PZT) ceramics. The effects of dispersant dosage, solid content, and resin concentration on slurry rheological property, green body strength, and ceramic electrical properties were systematically investigated using rotational rheometer, universal mechanical testing machine, ferroelectric analyzer, impedance analyzer, quasi-static piezoelectric tester, and scanning electron microscope. The results show that when using ammonium polyacrylate as the dispersant, the slurry achieves the lowest viscosity at a dispersant content of 0.7% (mass fraction), with a viscosity of 201.05 mPa·s at 100 s^-1, indicating optimal fluidity. When the solid content does not exceed 55% (volume fraction), the slurry exhibits favorable shear-thinning behavior, making it suitable for filling complex structures. The bending strength of the green body increases with the increase of resin concentration, reaching (41.79±5.49) MPa at a resin mass fraction of 25% and a solid volume fraction of 55%, meeting the demolding requirements for special-shaped green bodies. Using this formulation, with the ceramic sintered at 1 275 ℃ exhibits a dense structure with uniform grains, achieving a piezoelectric constant d₃₃ of (618.36±5.65) pC/N, a relative dielectric constant ε_r of 2 455.41±33.16, and an electromechanical coupling coefficient k_p of 0.62. The comprehensive performance is comparable to or even better than that of samples prepared by conventional dry pressing, and significantly surpasses that of 3D-printed samples. This study demonstrates that high-quality near net shaping of complex-shaped PZT ceramics can be achieved by optimizing the gel casting process parameters, providing an effective approach for the fabrication of special-shaped piezoelectric components.

Key words： gel casting; water-soluble epoxy resin; lead zirconate titanate ceramic; near net shape forming; piezoelectric ceramic; rheological property

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