激光粉末床熔融Al-Ni-Mn-Sc-Zr合金的显微组织和力学性能

龙俊杰; 李丹; 张秦; 刘渐陵; 陈超; 周科朝

doi:10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2026004

粉末冶金材料科学与工程 >

2026 , Vol. 31 >Issue 3: 256 - 266

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2026004

工艺技术

激光粉末床熔融Al-Ni-Mn-Sc-Zr合金的显微组织和力学性能

龙俊杰 ,
李丹 ,
张秦 ,
刘渐陵 ,
陈超 ,
周科朝

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中南大学粉末冶金全国重点实验室,长沙 410083

收稿日期: 2026-01-13

修回日期: 2026-03-12

网络出版日期: 2026-07-03

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52271046); 湖南省教育厅资助项目(24B0011)

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Ni-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

LONG Junjie ,
LI Dan ,
ZHANG Qin ,
LIU Jianling ,
CHEN Chao ,
ZHOU Kechao

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State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Received date: 2026-01-13

Revised date: 2026-03-12

Online published: 2026-07-03

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摘要

本文以气雾化Al-5Ni-0.8Mn-0.4Sc-0.2Zr预合金粉末为原料,采用激光粉末床熔融技术制备Al-Ni-Mn-Sc-Zr合金。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和万能材料试验机等研究激光功率和扫描速度对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：最优工艺参数为激光功率350 W、扫描速度1 800 mm/s,此时合金相对密度超过99.5%且无宏观裂纹。合金由α-Al基体与条带状Al₃Ni相组成,晶粒呈现柱状晶与等轴晶交替分布的特征,Mn、Sc、Zr元素固溶于基体中,共晶组织细化至纳米尺度。合金表现出优异的室温与高温力学性能,室温下,抗拉强度为(438±11.99) MPa,屈服强度为(306 ±17.14) MPa,伸长率为(6.3±0.4)%;300 ℃下,屈服强度仍保持在(246±4.61) MPa,伸长率提升至(9.0±1.6)%。其强化主要源于纳米级Al₃Ni相的弥散分布、Mn的固溶强化和高位错密度的协同作用。

关键词： 激光粉末床熔融; 铝合金; 致密度; 显微组织; 力学性能

本文引用格式

龙俊杰 , 李丹 , 张秦 , 刘渐陵 , 陈超 , 周科朝 . 激光粉末床熔融Al-Ni-Mn-Sc-Zr合金的显微组织和力学性能[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2026 , 31(3) : 256 -266 . DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2026004

Abstract

Al-Ni-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy was fabricated using gas-atomized Al-5Ni-0.8Mn-0.4Sc-0.2Zr pre-alloyed powder as raw materials by laser powder bed fusion. The effects of laser power and scanning speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and universal material testing machine. The results indicate that the optimal processing parameters are a laser power of 350 W and a scanning speed of 1 800 mm/s, under which the alloy achieves a relative density exceeding 99.5% without observable macroscopic cracks. The alloy consists of an α-Al matrix and ribbon-like Al₃Ni phases, with grains exhibiting an alternating distribution of columnar and equiaxed morphologies. Mn, Sc, and Zr elements are solubilized within the matrix, and the eutectic structure is significantly refined to the nanoscale. The alloy exhibits excellent mechanical properties at both room and elevated temperatures. At room temperature, the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation is (438±11.99) MPa, (306 ±17.14) MPa, and (6.3±0.4)%, respectively. When test at 300 ℃, the yield strength is maintained at (246±4.61) MPa, while the elongation increases to (9.0±1.6)%. The strengthening behavior is primarily attributed to the synergistic effects of uniformly dispersed nanoscale Al₃Ni phases, solid-solution strengthening induced by Mn, and the high dislocation density.

Key words： laser powder bed fusion; aluminum alloy; relative density; microstructure; mechanical property

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