组分配比是复合材料配方设计的核心参数,对选区激光烧结316L不锈钢/聚醚砜(polyethersulfone, PES)复合材料制件的主要力学性能影响显著。本文利用ANSYS Workbench建立粉床三维简化模型,对5组不同组分配比(φ316L分别为0、9.1%、16.7%、28.6%、33.3%)的316L不锈钢/PES复合材料选区激光烧结成形过程进行数值模拟,分析组分配比对残余应力、拉伸应力和弯曲应力的影响,并利用电子万能试验机对复合材料进行拉伸和弯曲性能测试。数值模拟结果表明：φ316L为16.7%~28.6%时,制件最大残余应力最小,残余应力分布均匀性最优。φ316L为28.6%的制件最大拉伸应力显著高于其余各组,为3.7 MPa;φ316L为16.7%的制件最大弯曲应力为36.2 MPa,无显著局部应力集中现象。实验结果表明：当φ316L为28.6%时,制件抗拉强度最高,为3.9 MPa;而φ316L为16.7%时,制件抗弯强度最高,为36.5 MPa,实验结果与数值模拟趋势一致,验证了数值模拟方法的可靠性与准确性。综合考虑制件的拉伸与弯曲性能,复合材料中316L不锈钢的推荐含量为16.7%~28.6%(体积分数),可根据实际应用场景对拉伸或弯曲性能的侧重需求进行选取。本研究明确了316L不锈钢/PES复合材料的最优配比区间及力学性能变化规律,可为选区激光烧结316L不锈钢/PES复合材料制件的配方优化与力学性能提升提供理论依据与数据支撑。
Component ratio is a core parameter in the formulation design of composites and has a significant influence on the main mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel/polyethersulfone (PES) composite parts fabricated by selective laser sintering. In this paper, a simplified three-dimensional powder-bed model was established using ANSYS Workbench to numerically simulate the selective laser sintering forming process of 316L stainless steel/PES composites with five different component ratios (φ316L=0, 9.1%, 16.7%, 28.6%, 33.3%). The effects of component ratio on residual stress, tensile stress, and bending stress were analyzed, and tensile and bending tests were performed on the composites using an electronic universal testing machine. Numerical simulation results show that when φ316L is in the range of 16.7%-28.6%, the maximum residual stress of the parts is minimized and the residual stress distribution uniformity is optimal. The maximum tensile stress of the part with φ316L=28.6% is significantly higher than that of the other groups, reaching 3.7 MPa. Meanwhile, the part with φ316L=16.7%, the maximum bending stress is 36.2 MPa with no obvious local stress concentration. Experimental results indicate that the tensile strength reaches the highest value of 3.9 MPa at φ316L=28.6%, while the bending strength peaks at 36.5 MPa at φ316L=16.7%. The experimental results are consistent with the trends of numerical simulations, verifying the reliability and accuracy of the numerical simulation method. Considering both tensile and bending properties comprehensively, the recommended volume fraction of 316L stainless steel in the composite is 16.7%- 28.6%, which can be selected according to the emphasis on tensile or bending performance in practical applications. This study clarifies the optimal ratio range and the variation law of mechanical properties for 316L stainless steel/PES composites, providing a theoretical basis and data support for the formulation optimization and mechanical property improvement of selective laser sintered 316L stainless steel/PES composite parts.
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