三维铝框架新型石墨片/6061Al基复合材料的显微结构与性能

彭子月; 刘俊夫; 聂强强; 汤文明

doi:10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2026005

粉末冶金材料科学与工程 >

2026 , Vol. 31 >Issue 2: 176 - 187

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2026005

工艺技术

三维铝框架新型石墨片/6061Al基复合材料的显微结构与性能

彭子月 ,
刘俊夫 ,
聂强强 ,
汤文明

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1.合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院,合肥 230009;
2.中国电子科技集团公司第43研究所,合肥 230088;
3.微系统安徽省重点实验室,合肥 230088

收稿日期: 2026-01-14

修回日期: 2026-03-02

网络出版日期: 2026-05-07

基金资助

安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(202104a05020017)

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Microstructure and properties of novel graphite flakes/6061Al matrix composites with three-dimensional Al frame

PENG Ziyue ,
LIU Junfu ,
NIE Qiangqaing ,
TANG Wenming

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1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;
2. 43 Institute, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Hefei 230088, China;
3. Anhui Key Laboratory of Microsystem, Hefei 230088, China

Received date: 2026-01-14

Revised date: 2026-03-02

Online published: 2026-05-07

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摘要

针对石墨片(graphite flakes, GFs)/Al基复合材料各向异性显著、垂直热导率及力学性能欠佳等关键问题,本研究尝试引入泡沫铝(Al_f),采用放电等离子烧结制备GFs/6061Al_f基复合材料,并与常规的GFs/6061Al基复合材料对比,揭示其显微结构及性能的不同特征。结果表明：610 ℃烧结的GFs/6061Al基和GFs/6061Al_f基复合材料结构致密,未检测到界面反应产物Al₄C₃。随GFs含量增加,两种复合材料的相对密度、垂直热导率、热膨胀系数、抗弯强度与弯曲应变均下降,而平面热导率逐渐增大。GFs/6061Al_f基复合材料中的Al_f具有三维连续结构,有利于提高其塑性;同时,GFs被分割在各个小的Al_f腔体内部,GFs分布取向性降低,有利于提高其垂直热导率。GFs体积分数为45%时,GFs/6061Al_f基复合材料的垂直热导率和弯曲应变分别可达38 W/(m·K)和4.4%,较GFs/6061Al基复合材料分别提高了23%和100%。该技术方案在降低GFs/Al基复合材料的各向异性和减小脆性方面具有较明显优势。

关键词： 石墨片/Al基复合材料; 放电等离子烧结; 泡沫铝; 显微结构; 热物理性能; 力学性能

本文引用格式

彭子月 , 刘俊夫 , 聂强强 , 汤文明 . 三维铝框架新型石墨片/6061Al基复合材料的显微结构与性能[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2026 , 31(2) : 176 -187 . DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2026005

Abstract

Aiming at the key issues of graphite flakes (GFs)/Al matrix composites, i.e., significant anisotropy and poor through-plane thermal conductivity and mechanical properties, in this study, a three-dimensional aluminum foam (Al_f) was introduced to fabricate the GFs/6061Al_f matrix composites via spark plasma sintering. Their microstructure and properties were also investigated, compared with those of the conventional GFs/6061Al matrix composites. The results demonstrate that the GFs/6061Al_f matrix and GFs/6061Al matrix composites sintered at 610 ℃ are both dense, and no interfacial reaction product Al₄C₃ is detected. With the increase of the GFs content, the relative density, through-plane thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, bending strength, and bending strain of the composites all decrease, however, the in-plane thermal conductivity of the composites gradually increases. In the GFs/6061Al_f matrix composites, the Al_f has a 3D continuous structure, which is beneficial to the improvement of plasticity. Meanwhile, the GFs are sealed in each small pocket of the Al_f, resulting in lower distribution orientation degree of GFs, and thus enhancement of through-plane thermal conductivity of the composites. The through-plane thermal conductivity and bending strain of the GFs/6061Al_f matrix composite with a 45% GFs volume fraction are 38 W/(m·K) and 4.4%, 23% and 100% higher than those of the GFs/6061Al matrix composite, respectively. This strategy has apparent advantages in reducing anisotropy and brittleness of the GFs/Al matrix composites.

Key words： GFs/Al matrix composite; spark plasma sintering; aluminum foam; microstructure; thermophysical property; mechanical property

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