固溶体陶瓷Ta0.2Zr0.8C和SiC基体改性C/C复合材料的制备与烧蚀性能

刘睿智; 周远明; 易茂中

doi:10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025081

粉末冶金材料科学与工程 >

2026 , Vol. 31 >Issue 1: 98 - 112

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025081

工艺技术

固溶体陶瓷Ta_0.2Zr_0.8C和SiC基体改性C/C复合材料的制备与烧蚀性能

刘睿智 ,
周远明 ,
易茂中

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中南大学粉末冶金研究院,长沙 410083

易茂中,博士,教授。电话：13607442793;E-mail: yimaozhong@126.com

收稿日期: 2025-11-26

修回日期: 2025-12-14

网络出版日期: 2026-03-10

基金资助

国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(ZB414220201)

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Preparation and ablation properties of solid solution ceramic Ta_0.2Zr_0.8C and SiC matrix-modified C/C composites

LIU Ruizhi ,
ZHOU Yuanming ,
YI Maozhong

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Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Received date: 2025-11-26

Revised date: 2025-12-14

Online published: 2026-03-10

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摘要

针对新一代高超声速飞行器性能提升的需求,本文采用固溶体陶瓷Ta_0.2Zr_0.8C对其热端部件用C/C复合材料进行基体改性,以进一步提高其耐烧蚀性能。通过高固相含量浆料浸渍和先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备C/C-Ta_0.2Zr_0.8C-SiC和C/C-TaC-ZrC-SiC复合材料,采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等,研究两种复合材料的微观组织结构以及在氧乙炔火焰下的烧蚀性能。结果表明：烧蚀120 s后,C/C-TaC-ZrC-SiC复合材料的质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率分别为6.67 mg/s和22.76 μm/s,而C/C-Ta_0.2Zr_0.8C-SiC复合材料的质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率分别为0.67 mg/s和0.18 μm/s,具有更佳的耐烧蚀性能。烧蚀过程中,C/C-Ta_0.2Zr_0.8C-SiC复合材料表面的Ta-Zr-O氧化层中生成了具有钉扎作用的富Zr氧化物骨架相和具有连接填充作用的富Ta氧化物连接相,两相协同作用,抑制了氧化物的流失飞溅,提升了氧化层的致密度,使复合材料和耐烧蚀性能提升。

关键词： 固溶体陶瓷; 浆料浸渍; 基体改性; C/C复合材料; 烧蚀性能

本文引用格式

刘睿智 , 周远明 , 易茂中 . 固溶体陶瓷Ta_0.2Zr_0.8C和SiC基体改性C/C复合材料的制备与烧蚀性能[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2026 , 31(1) : 98 -112 . DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025081

Abstract

To meet the increasing performance requirements of next-generation hypersonic vehicles, this study employs the solid solution ceramic Ta_0.2Zr_0.8C to matrix-modify C/C composites used in their hot-end components, thereby further enhancing their ablation resistance. C/C-Ta_0.2Zr_0.8C-SiC and C/C-TaC-ZrC-SiC composites were fabricated through a high-solid-loading slurry impregnation method combined with a precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process. The microstructures and ablation properties under an oxyacetylene flame of the two composites were investigated using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The results indicate that after 120 s of ablation, the C/C-TaC-ZrC-SiC composite exhibits mass and linear ablation rates of 6.67 mg/s and 22.76 μm/s, respectively, whereas the C/C-Ta_0.2Zr_0.8C-SiC composite shows significantly lower values of 0.67 mg/s and 0.18 μm/s, demonstrating superior ablation resistance. During ablation, within the Ta-Zr-O oxide layer on the surface of the C/C-Ta_0.2Zr_0.8C-SiC composite, a Zr-rich oxide skeleton phase provides a pinning effect, while a Ta-rich oxide binder phase provides a connective and filling effect. The synergistic effect between the two phases effectively suppresses the spallation and splashing of oxides, increases the compactness of the oxide layer, and ultimately improves the ablation resistance of the composites.

Key words： solid solution ceramic; slurry impregnation; matrix-modification; C/C composite; ablation property

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