本研究基于Solidworks建模与ANSYS有限元分析,对比分析了圆顶端部封头与碟形端部封头压力容器在0.7 MPa内压、-253 ℃内温下的温度分布和力学性能差异。结果表明：两者温度场整体形态相近,但峰值大小与位置不同。圆顶端部封头最高温度(30.97 ℃)位于端盖内侧中部,碟形端部封头最高温度(28.87 ℃)位于端盖/内罐连接平面;圆顶端部封头压力容器的最大等效应力出现在筒体外表面的圆弧过渡段,为161.43 MPa,碟形端部封头压力容器的最大等效应力则位于底座与地面连接处的约束区域,为160.25 MPa。碟形端部封头压力容器通过过渡圆弧结构优化应力梯度,显著降低高应力区域面积及变形量,其最大变形量降低至0.217 5 mm,且疲劳寿命达25 486次循环,较圆顶端部封头压力容器(19 094次循环)提升了33%。本研究揭示了结构设计对温度分布、局部应力分布与疲劳性能的关键影响,表明碟形端部封头因分段承载特性在均温性、刚度、抗变形及抗疲劳方面更具优势,为压力容器优化设计提供了理论依据。
Based on Solidworks modeling and ANSYS finite element analysis, the temperature distribution and mechanical properties of pressure vessels with dome end and dished end heads were compared under an internal pressure of 0.7 MPa and an internal temperature of -253 ℃. The results show that the overall temperature fields of the two are similar, while differences in peak value and location are observed. The maximum temperature (30.97 ℃) of the dome end head occurs at the middle region on the inner side of the end-cap, whereas the maximum teperature (28.87 ℃) of the dished end head occurs at the end-cap/inner-vessel junction plane. The maximum equivalent stress of the dome end head pressure vessel occurs in the circular arc transition section of the outer surface of the cylinder, which is 161.43 MPa, and the maximum equivalent stress of the dished end head pressure vessel is located in the constraint area of the connection between the base and the ground, which is 160.25 MPa. The dished end head pressure vessel optimizes the stress gradient through its transition-arc structure, significantly reducing the area of high-stress regions and the deformation. The maximum deformation is reduced to 0.217 5 mm, and the fatigue life reaches 25 486 cycles, which is 33% higher than that of the dome end head pressure vessel (19 094 cycles). This study reveals the key effects of structural design on temperature distribution, local stress distribution, and fatigue property, indicating that the dished end head achieves superior temperature uniformity, stiffness, deformation resistance, and fatigue resistance due to virtue of its segmented load-carrying, providing a theoretical basis for pressure vessel optimal design.
[1] 李朝飞, 李健. 压力容器设计阶段的质量控制要点分析[J]. 内蒙古石油化工, 2023, 49(10): 58-61.
LI Chaofei, LI Jian.Analysis of key points in quality control during the design stage of pressure vessels[J]. Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry, 2023, 49(10): 58-61.
[2] BŁACHUT J, MAGNUCKI K. Strength, stability and optimization of pressure vessels: review of selected problems[J]. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 2008, 61(6): 060801.
[3] 童乐为, 牛立超, 任珍珍, 等. Q550D高强钢焊接节点疲劳强度试验研究[J]. 工程力学, 2021, 38(12): 214-222.
TONG Lewei, NIU Lichao, REN Zhenzhen, et al.Experimental study on fatigue strength of welded joints of high-strength steel Q550D[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2021, 38(12): 214-222.
[4] MAGNUCKI K, LEWINSKI J, CICHY R.Strength and buckling problems of dished heads of pressure vessels: contemporary look[J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 2018, 140(4): 041201.
[5] SEIPP T G, BARKLEY N, WRIGHT C.Ellipsoidal head rules: a comparison between ASME section VIII, divisions 1 and 2[C]// Proceedings of the ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference: Volume 3A: Design and Analysis. New York: ASME, 2017: V03AT03A071.
[6] SOWIŃSKI K. The Ritz method application for stress and deformation analyses of standard orthotropic pressure vessels[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2021, 162: 107585.
[7] 黄勋. 压力容器应力分类分析设计方法改进研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江理工大学, 2017.
HUANG Xun.Research on modification of stress categorization method in design by analysis of pressure vessels[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 2017.
[8] 曾凡小. 矩形压力蒸汽灭菌器定期检验中的强度(应力)校核[J]. 特种设备安全技术, 2023(2): 17-19.
ZENG Fanxiao.Strength (stress) verification in the periodic inspection of rectangular pressure steam sterilizers[J]. Safety Technology of Special Equipment, 2023(2): 17-19.
[9] 杨紫微, 陈超, 吴谊友, 等. 选区激光熔化成形Al-Ce-Sc-Zr合金的工艺优化与组织性能[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2023, 28(2): 170-179.
YANG Ziwei, CHEN Chao, WU Yiyou, et al.Process optimization, microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Ce-Sc-Zr alloy by selective laser melting[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2023, 28(2): 170-179.
[10] 汪小康, 吴丽光, 叶建波, 等. 选区激光熔化316L不锈钢梯度晶格结构的压缩性能[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2025, 30(5): 446-455.
WANG Xiaokang, WU Liguang, YE Jianbo, et al.Compressive properties of selective laser melted 316L stainless steel gradient lattice structures[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2025, 30(5): 446-455.
[11] CAI G S, LIU H, PENG K, et al.Orthogonal experimental method to investigate the effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of thin-walled parts by PBF-LB/M[J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14: 19776.
[12] DEZAKI M L, SERJOUEI A, ZOLFAGHARIAN A, et al.A review on additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing of directed energy deposition (DED) process[J]. Advanced Powder Materials, 2022, 1(4): 100054.
[13] MCNELLY B P, HOOKS R L, SETZLER W R, et al.Additive manufacturing of pressure vessels (with plating)[C]// Proceedings of the ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference: Volume 3A: Design and Analysis. New York: ASME, 2017: V03AT03A025.
[14] KROLL E, BUCHRIS E.Weight reduction of 3D-printed cylindrical and toroidal pressure vessels through shape modification[J]. Procedia Manufacturing, 2018, 21: 133-140.
[15] GIBSON L, ROSEN D, STUCKER B.Additive Manufacturing Technologies: 3D Printing, Rapid Prototyping, and Direct Digital Manufacturing[M]. NewYork: Springer, 2015.
[16] SOWIŃSKI K. Experimental and numerical verification of stress distribution in additive manufactured cylindrical pressure vessel: a continuation of the dished end optimization study[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2022, 183: 110336.
[17] MA L, WANG Z J.The effects of through-thickness shear stress on the formability of sheet metal: a review[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2021, 71: 269-289.
[18] JIANG X R, MIAO K S, WU H, et al.Tensile behavior of a bi-layered bronze/steel sheet: synergetic effects of microstructure and residual stress[J]. Materials Characterization, 2023, 196: 112568.
[19] 王战辉, 马向荣, 范晓勇, 等. 压力容器球壳不连续区域应力分析和强度评定[J]. 能源化工, 2019, 40(3): 64-67.
WANG Zhanhui, MA Xiangrong, FAN Xiaoyong, et al.Stress analysis and strength evaluation of discontinuous zone of pressure vessel spherical shells[J]. Energy Chemical Industry, 2019, 40(3): 64-67.
[20] LI H J, HUANG X, YANG P, et al.A new pressure vessel design by analysis method avoiding stress categorization[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2017, 152: 38-45.
[21] WU J X, XIONG D J, LI X S, et al.Investigation on residual stress in rotational parts formed through incremental sheet forming: a novel evaluation method[J]. International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture, 2022, 5(1): 84-90.
[22] 杨硕, 肖志瑜, 冼志勇, 等. 粉末锻造Fe-2Cu-0.5C-0.11S材料的超声疲劳[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2017, 22(5): 608-613.
YANG Shuo, XIAO Zhiyu, XIAN Zhiyong, et al.Ultrasonic fatigue of powder-forged Fe-2Cu-0.5C-0.11S materials[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2017, 22(5): 608-613.
