本研究制备不同成分配比的Cu-Graphite-CNTs复合材料(CNTs质量分数0.1%~1%、Graphite质量分数10%~20%),并在0、1、3和5 A电流下进行载流摩擦实验。利用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散谱仪和拉曼光谱仪等表征复合材料的摩擦磨损行为,并研究成分配比与电流对其载流摩擦性能的影响。结果表明：电流通过影响润滑膜的连续与完整性间接影响摩擦性能,0 A时碎片化膜引发黏着-磨粒磨损,摩擦因数高且波动大;1~3 A时适度焦耳热促进润滑膜的形成,有效隔离界面、抑制磨损;5 A时过量焦耳热导致润滑膜产生裂纹并脱落,加剧热疲劳-黏着磨损。0.5% CNTs+10% Graphite(质量分数)与3 A电流协同作用时润滑膜最稳定。本研究可为风电滑环用高性能力学-电学复合材料的设计提供理论支撑。
This study prepared Cu-Graphite-CNTs composites with varying composition ratios (CNTs mass fraction is 0.1%-1%, Graphite mass fraction is 10%-20%), and current-carrying friction tests were conducted at 0, 1, 3, and 5 A. The friction and wear behavior of the composites was characterized using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, and Raman spectrometer. And the effects of composition ratios and current on the current-carrying friction performance were investigated. Results indicate that current indirectly affects friction performance by influencing the continuity and integrity of the lubricating film. At 0 A, a fragmented film induces adhesive-abrasive wear, resulting in a high and fluctuating friction factor. Between 1-3 A, moderate Joule heating promotes lubricating film formation, effectively isolating interfaces and suppressing wear. At 5 A, excessive Joule heating causes cracks and film detachment, exacerbating thermal fatigue-adhesive wear. The lubricating film exhibits maximum stability when 0.5% CNTs+10% Graphite (mass fraction) synergize with a 3 A current. This study provides theoretical support for designing high-performance mechanical-electrical composites for wind power slip rings.
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