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粉末冶金材料科学与工程 >

2025 , Vol. 30 >Issue 6: 502 - 513

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025041

工艺技术

高强低热导纯相多孔ZrB2陶瓷的松装烧结制备及性能

  • 高萌 ,
  • 胡锦润 ,
  • 李天佑 ,
  • 王炳珺 ,
  • 王依晨 ,
  • 蒋丰泽 ,
  • 曾毅
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  • 中南大学 粉末冶金研究院,长沙 410083

收稿日期: 2025-04-28

  修回日期: 2025-10-13

  网络出版日期: 2026-01-06

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Loose-pack sintering preparation and properties of high-strength, low-thermal-conductivity pure-phase porous ZrB2 ceramics

  • GAO Meng ,
  • HU Jinrun ,
  • LI Tianyou ,
  • WANG Bingjun ,
  • WANG Yichen ,
  • JIANG Fengze ,
  • ZENG Yi
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  • Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Received date: 2025-04-28

  Revised date: 2025-10-13

  Online published: 2026-01-06

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摘要

传统高温加压烧结工艺与烧结助剂的添加虽能改善ZrB2陶瓷的成形性,但易引起热导率的升高或高温承载性能的降低,无法实现力学性能与隔热性能的协同优化。本文采用不同粒度配比的ZrB2原料粉末,通过松装烧结工艺制备纯相多孔ZrB2陶瓷。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、计算机断层扫描术等研究原料粉末粒度配比对陶瓷微观结构、压缩性能和热导率的影响,并探究陶瓷的烧结成形机制、强化机理和隔热机理。结果表明：不同粒度配比下松装烧结ZrB2陶瓷的孔隙率介于43.42%~46.68%,细粉和粗粉的质量比为1:9时,陶瓷具有牢固的ZrB2骨架和在微米尺度上呈两级均匀分布的孔隙网络结构,抗压强度高达364.70 MPa,热导率仅为32.79 W/(m∙K)。烧结过程中,适量细粉能有效强化粗粉形成的主骨架,促进微观结构均匀演化。连通孔与孤立孔形成梯度耗能与防御机制,与高强ZrB2骨架协同作用,保证良好的压缩性能。同时,孔隙结构有效阻断固相热传导、延长气相传热路径、诱发Knudsen效应,与高密度大角度晶界引起的强声子散射共同实现高效隔热。

关键词： 多孔陶瓷; ZrB2; 热导率; 抗压强度; 松装烧结

本文引用格式

高萌 , 胡锦润 , 李天佑 , 王炳珺 , 王依晨 , 蒋丰泽 , 曾毅 . 高强低热导纯相多孔ZrB2陶瓷的松装烧结制备及性能[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2025 , 30(6) : 502 -513 . DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025041

Abstract

Although traditional pressure-assisted sintering techniques at high temperature and the use of sintering aids can improve the formability of ZrB2 ceramics, they often cause an increase in the thermal conductivity or a decrease in high-temperature strength, hindering synergistic optimization of mechanical properties and thermal insulation performance. Here, pure-phase porous ZrB2 ceramics were fabricated via loose-pack sintering using ZrB2 raw powders with different particle size ratios. The effects of the raw powder size ratio on the microstructure, compressive performance, and thermal conductivity were investigated using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and computed tomography. The sintering forming, strengthening, and thermal insulation mechanisms of ceramics were elucidated. Results indicate that the porosity of loose-pack sintered ZrB2 ceramics ranges from 43.42% to 46.68% across different particle size ratios. At a fine-to-coarse powder mass ratio of 1:9, the ceramic develops a robust ZrB2 skeleton and a uniform dual-scale pore network at the micrometer level, achieving a high compressive strength of 364.70 MPa and a low thermal conductivity of only 32.79 W/(m·K). During sintering, moderate fine powders effectively reinforce the skeleton formed by coarse powders, facilitating a uniform microstructure evolution. The connected and isolated pores establish a gradient energy dissipation and defense mechanism, which synergize with the robust ZrB2 skeleton to ensure excellent compressive performance. Meanwhile, effective thermal insulation results from blocked solid conduction, prolonged gaseous heat transfer paths, induced Knudsen effect via pore structure, and enhanced phonon scattering at high-density large-angle grain boundaries.

Key words： porous ceramic; ZrB2; thermal conductivity; compressive strength; loose-pack sintering

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