P550无磁钢表面激光熔覆57%WC增强镍基涂层的气孔抑制工艺

李佳佳; 刘丽兰; 王甲一; 汪甡; 韩飞燕

doi:10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025063

粉末冶金材料科学与工程 >

2025 , Vol. 30 >Issue 6: 490 - 501

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025063

理论研究

P550无磁钢表面激光熔覆57%WC增强镍基涂层的气孔抑制工艺

李佳佳 ,
刘丽兰 ,
王甲一 ,
汪甡 ,
韩飞燕

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1.西安理工大学机械与精密仪器工程学院,西安 710048;
2.西安航空职业技术学院航空制造工程学院,西安 710089

收稿日期: 2025-07-27

修回日期: 2025-10-15

网络出版日期: 2026-01-06

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(42472381); 陕西省科技厅重点研发计划资助项目(2025CY-YBXM-089)

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Porosity suppression process of laser cladding nickel-based coatings reforced with 57%WC on P550 non-magnetic steel

LI Jiajia ,
LIU Lilan ,
WANG Jiayi ,
WANG Shen ,
HAN Feiyan

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1. School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China;
2. School of Aeronautical Manufacturing Engineering, Xi'an Aeronautical Polytechnic Institute, Xi'an 710089, China

Received date: 2025-07-27

Revised date: 2025-10-15

Online published: 2026-01-06

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摘要

针对P550无磁钢表面激光熔覆高WC含量无磁镍基合金粉末时涂层气孔率过高的技术难题,本文采用响应面法和单因素法设计实验,分析激光熔覆工艺参数对气孔率的影响,并研究主要影响因素。以激光功率、扫描速度、送粉速率和搭接率为输入因子,气孔率为响应目标,建立多元回归预测模型,优化工艺参数。结果表明：当激光功率为1 015 W、扫描速度为5.1 mm/s、送粉速率为0.6 r/min、搭接率为40%时,涂层气孔率降低至0.22%,满足工程应用要求。涂层组织均匀,主要由胞状晶、树枝晶和二次枝晶组成。涂层硬度约为基体的1.6倍,磨损率降低至基体的1.5%。研究结果为无磁钻具表面强化提供了低气孔率、高耐磨涂层的激光熔覆工艺方案,可促进该技术在石油钻探领域的工程应用。

关键词： 激光熔覆; 气孔率; 无磁钻具; 工艺优化; 磨损率

本文引用格式

李佳佳 , 刘丽兰 , 王甲一 , 汪甡 , 韩飞燕 . P550无磁钢表面激光熔覆57%WC增强镍基涂层的气孔抑制工艺[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2025 , 30(6) : 490 -501 . DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025063

Abstract

In response to the technical challenge of high porosity in the laser cladding of high WC content non-magnetic nickel-based alloy powder on P550 non-magnetic steel surface, the response surface methodology and single factor method were used to design experiments. The influences of laser cladding process parameters on porosity were analyzed and the main effect factor was researched. Taking the laser power, scanning speed, powder feed rate, and overlap ratio as inputs and the porosity as the response target, a multivariate regression prediction model was established to optimize the process parameters. The results show that the coating porosity can be reduced to 0.22% when laser power is 1 015 W, scanning speed is 5.1 mm/s, powder feed rate is 0.6 r/min, and overlap ratio is 40%, meeting the requirement of engineering application. The microstructure of the coating is uniform, which is mainly composed of cellular crystal, dendritic crystal, and secondary dendritic crystal. The microhardness of the coating is about 1.6 times than that of the matrix, and the wear rate is reduced to 1.5% of the substrate. The research results can provide a process solution for laser cladding low porosity and high wear-resistance coating for the surface strengthening of non-magnetic drilling tools, and promote the engineering application of this technology in the field of petroleum drilling.

Key words： laser cladding; porosity; non-magnetic drilling tool; process optimization; wear rate

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