激光粉末床熔融制备高强度Al-Mg-Sc-Er-Zr合金的组织与力学性能

王阳波; 李瑞迪; 支盛兴; 袁铁锤; 柯林达; 侯亚平

doi:10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2024071

粉末冶金材料科学与工程 >

2024 , Vol. 29 >Issue 6: 496 - 504

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2024071

工艺技术

激光粉末床熔融制备高强度Al-Mg-Sc-Er-Zr合金的组织与力学性能

王阳波 ,
李瑞迪 ,
支盛兴 ,
袁铁锤 ,
柯林达 ,
侯亚平

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1.中南大学粉末冶金国家重点实验室, 长沙 410083;
2.上海航天精密机械研究所, 上海 201600;
3.湖南省计量检测研究院, 长沙 410000

收稿日期: 2024-08-22

修回日期: 2024-10-25

网络出版日期: 2025-02-05

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(U21B2073);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ90037)

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength Al-Mg-Sc-Er-Zr alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

WANG Yangbo ,
LI Ruidi ,
ZHI Shengxing ,
YUAN Tiechui ,
KE Linda ,
HOU Yaping

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1. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Shanghai Aerospace Precision Machinery Institute, Shanghai 201600, China;
3. Hunan institute of metrology and test, Changsha 410000, China

Received date: 2024-08-22

Revised date: 2024-10-25

Online published: 2025-02-05

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摘要

采用激光粉末床熔融(laser powder bed fusion, LPBF)技术成形的Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金不易开裂、力学性能好,但Sc价格昂贵,因此寻找能替代Sc的元素十分必要。本文以气雾化粉末为原料,采用LPBF技术制备Al-Mg-Sc-Er-Zr合金。通过流体静力天平测量密度和使用金相显微镜观察缺陷,以优化激光工艺参数;采用维氏硬度计测量硬度和使用万能力学试验机进行拉伸实验,以优化时效工艺参数;采用扫描电镜、透射电镜对合金组织进行表征并研究其强化机理。结果表明：优化的LPBF工艺参数为：激光功率300 W,扫描速度900 mm/s;优化的时效工艺参数为：时效温度325 ℃,时效时间4 h。LPBF制备的Al-Mg-Sc-Er-Zr合金呈典型双峰晶粒结构,熔池边界为细小等轴晶,熔池内为粗大柱状晶。经325 ℃/4 h时效处理后,合金的抗拉强度达565 MPa,屈服强度达520 MPa,伸长率为14.5%,硬度(HV)由时效前的118提升至163。时效处理后形成的Mg₂Si粒子和纳米Al₃(Sc,Zr)粒子能够协同钉扎晶界,提高合金强度。

关键词： Al-Mg-Sc-Zr-Er合金; 激光粉末床熔融; 时效处理; 力学性能; 显微组织

本文引用格式

王阳波 , 李瑞迪 , 支盛兴 , 袁铁锤 , 柯林达 , 侯亚平 . 激光粉末床熔融制备高强度Al-Mg-Sc-Er-Zr合金的组织与力学性能[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2024 , 29(6) : 496 -504 . DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2024071

Abstract

Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology is not easy to crack and has good mechanical properties. However, Sc is expensive, it is necessary to find some elements that can replace Sc. This article used gas atomized powder as raw material and prepared Al-Mg-Sc-Er-Zr alloy by LPBF technology. Density was measured using hydrostatic balance and defects were observed using a metallographic microscope to optimize laser process parameters; the hardness was measured using a Vickers hardness tester and tensile tests were conducted using a universal mechanical testing machine to optimize the aging process parameters; scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope were used to characterize the alloy structure and study its strengthening mechanism. The results indicate that the optimized LPBF process parameters are: laser power of 300 W, scanning speed of 900 mm/s; the optimized aging process parameters are: aging temperature of 325 ℃ and aging time of 4 h. Al-Mg-Sc-Er-Zr alloy prepared by LPBF exhibits a typical bimodal grain structure, with fine equiaxed grains at the boundary of the melt pool and coarse columnar grains inside the melt pool. After aging treatment at 325 ℃/4 h, the tensile strength of the alloy reaches 565 MPa, the yield strength reaches 520 MPa, the elongation rate is 14.5%, and the hardness (HV) increase from 118 before aging to 163. Mg2Si particles and nano Al3(Sc,Zr) particles formed after aging treatment can synergistically nail grain boundaries and improve alloy strength.

Key words： Al-Mg-Sc-Zr-Er alloy; laser powder bed fusion; aging treatment; mechanical property; microstructure

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