以短切炭纤维为原料,采用湿法成纸技术制备具有不同面密度的炭纤维毡片,再经双层和多层铺叠成形、树脂浸渍和热处理,获得具有梯度孔结构的炭纤维纸,用扫描电镜观察各层的孔隙结构,采用压汞法分析炭纤维纸的孔隙度和孔径分布,应用多孔分析仪测试炭纤维纸的透气率。结果表明,炭纸具有梯度层级结构,石墨化度达到93.14%,多层炭纸的平均孔隙率为75.5%,双层炭纸的平均孔隙率为81.4%。多层炭纸的透气率为5 272 m/(kPa·h)、面内电阻率为11.78 mΩ·cm、抗拉强度和抗弯强度分别为20.62 MPa和60.88 MPa,均优于商业炭纸。此外,梯度孔结构炭纸在酸性介质中表现出优于商业炭纸的耐腐蚀性能。
Carbon fiber felts with different areal densities were firstly fabricated by wet process using short-cut carbon fibers as raw materials. Afterwards, carbon fiber paper (CP) with gradient porous structure was prepared through double-layer or multi-layer molding, resin impregnation and heat treatment. The pore structure, pore size distribution along with porosity and air permeability of as-prepared CP were measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM), mercury intrusion method and porous analyzer. The results show that the CP has gradient structure with graphitization degree of 93.14%. The average porosity of the multi-layer paper is 75.5%, and the average porosity of the double-layer paper is 81.4%. The air permeability, in-plane resistivity, tensile strength and flexural strength of multi-layer paper are 5 272 m/(kPa∙h), 11.78 mΩ∙cm, 20.62 MPa and 60.88 MPa, respectively, exceeding those of commercial CP. In addition, CP with gradient porous structure shows superior corrosion resistance over commercial CP in acid solution.
[1] SIM J, KANG M, MIN K.Effects of basic gas diffusion layer components on PEMFC performance with capillary pressure gradient[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(54): 27731-27748.
[2] GAO W T, HU Z Y, HUANG H Y, et al.All-condition economy evaluation method for fuel cell systems: system efficiency contour map[J]. Transportation, 2021, 9: 100127.
[3] PAHON E, BOUQUAIN D, HISSEL D, et al.Performance analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell in automotive applications[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2021, 510: 230385.
[4] FAN L X, XING L, TU Z K, et al.A breakthrough hydrogen and oxygen utilization in a H2-O2 PEMFC stack with dead-ended anode and cathode[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2021, 243: 114404.
[5] ZHANG J, HU Y, HAN C J, et al.Stress response and contact behavior of PEMFC during the assembly and working condition[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(59): 30467-30478.
[6] ALDAKHEEL F, ISMAIL M S, HUGHES K J, et al.Gas permeability, wettability and morphology of gas diffusion layers before and after performing a realistic ex-situ compression test[J]. Renewable Energy, 2020, 151: 1082-1091.
[7] CHEN L, WANG Y F, TAO W Q.Experimental study on the effect of temperature and water content on the thermal conductivity of gas diffusion layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 2020, 19: 100616.
[8] KIM H, LEE Y J, LEE D C, et al.Fabrication of the carbon paper by wet-laying of ozone-treated carbon fibers with hydrophilic functional groups[J]. Carbon, 2013, 60: 429-436.
[9] MAHESHWARI P H, GUPTA C, MATHUR R B.Role of fiber length and pore former on the porous network of carbon paper electrode and its performance in PEMFC[J]. Fuel Cells, 2014, 14(4): 566-573.
[10] ZHANG X J, PEI H, SHEN Z M. Carbon fiber paper modified with carbon nanotube for proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2010, 139/141: 76-79.
[11] MATHUR R B, MAHESHWARI P H, DHAMI T L, et al.Processing of carbon composite paper as electrode for fuel cell[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2006, 161(2): 790-798.
[12] MAHESHWARI P H, MATHUR R B.Improved performance of PEM fuel cell using carbon paper electrode prepared with CNT coated carbon fibers[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2009, 54(28): 7476-7482.
[13] LIU C H, KO T H, LIAO Y K.Effect of carbon black concentration in carbon fiber paper on the performance of low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2008, 178(1): 80-85.
[14] TAN S C, LI J J, ZHOU L J, et al.Hydrophilic carbon fiber paper based electrode coated with graphene for high performance supercapacitors[J]. Materials Letters, 2018, 233: 278-281.
[15] TURKMEN A C, CELIK C.The effect of different gas diffusion layer porosity on proton exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. Fuel, 2018, 222: 465-474.
[16] CHEN L, LIN R, TANG S H, et al.Structural design of gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cell at varying humidification[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 467: 228355.
[17] HUANG Z L, JI Z P, YIN P C, et al.Salicylic acid impregnated activated carbon fiber paper: an effective platform for the simple and sensitive detection of hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere[J]. Electrochemistry Communications, 2019, 100: 113-116.
[18] WANG T, LÜ L, SHI L.Surface functionalization and shape tuning of carbon fiber monofilament via direct microplasma scanning for ultramicroelectrode application[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2020, 531: 147414.
[19] HUNG C J, LIU C H, WANG C H, et al.Effect of conductive carbon material content and structure in carbon fiber paper made from carbon felt on the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Renewable Energy, 2015, 78: 364-373.
[20] KAUSHAL S, SAHU A K, RANI M, et al.Multiwall carbon nanotubes tailored porous carbon fiber paper-based gas diffusion layer performance in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell[J]. Renewable Energy, 2019, 142: 604-611.
[21] SALAHUDDIN M, UDDIN M N, HWANG G, et al.Superhydrophobic PAN nanofibers for gas diffusion layers of proton exchange membrane fuel cells for cathodic water management[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43(25): 11530-11538.
[22] CHEVALIER S, LAVIELLE N, HATTON B D, et al.Novel electrospun gas diffusion layers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: part I. fabrication, morphological characterization, and in situ performance[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 352(1): 272-280.
[23] GUO X J, SI X Q, LI C, et al.Active brazing of C/C composites and single crystal Ni-based superalloy: interfacial microstructure and formation mechanism[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021, 886: 161183.
[24] JIA J G, JU J K, LIU S W, et al.Preparation and mechanical properties of C/C composites reinforced with arrayed SiC columnar pins[J]. Ceramics International, 2021, 47(17): 24262-24269.
[25] ZHAO J J, LIU Y M, QUAN X, et al.Nitrogen-doped carbon with a high degree of graphitization derived from biomass as high-performance electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2017, 396(28): 986-993.
[26] DIKIN D A, STANKOVICH S, ZIMNEY E J, et al.Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper[J]. Nature, 2007, 448: 457-460.
