以短切炭纤维为原料,采用湿法成纸技术制备具有不同面密度的炭纤维毡片,再经双层和多层铺叠成形、树脂浸渍和热处理,获得具有梯度孔结构的炭纤维纸,用扫描电镜观察各层的孔隙结构,采用压汞法分析炭纤维纸的孔隙度和孔径分布,应用多孔分析仪测试炭纤维纸的透气率。结果表明,炭纸具有梯度层级结构,石墨化度达到93.14%,多层炭纸的平均孔隙率为75.5%,双层炭纸的平均孔隙率为81.4%。多层炭纸的透气率为5 272 m/(kPa·h)、面内电阻率为11.78 mΩ·cm、抗拉强度和抗弯强度分别为20.62 MPa和60.88 MPa,均优于商业炭纸。此外,梯度孔结构炭纸在酸性介质中表现出优于商业炭纸的耐腐蚀性能。
Carbon fiber felts with different areal densities were firstly fabricated by wet process using short-cut carbon fibers as raw materials. Afterwards, carbon fiber paper (CP) with gradient porous structure was prepared through double-layer or multi-layer molding, resin impregnation and heat treatment. The pore structure, pore size distribution along with porosity and air permeability of as-prepared CP were measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM), mercury intrusion method and porous analyzer. The results show that the CP has gradient structure with graphitization degree of 93.14%. The average porosity of the multi-layer paper is 75.5%, and the average porosity of the double-layer paper is 81.4%. The air permeability, in-plane resistivity, tensile strength and flexural strength of multi-layer paper are 5 272 m/(kPa∙h), 11.78 mΩ∙cm, 20.62 MPa and 60.88 MPa, respectively, exceeding those of commercial CP. In addition, CP with gradient porous structure shows superior corrosion resistance over commercial CP in acid solution.
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