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2025 Vol. 30, No. 3
Published: 2025-06-15
Engineering and Technology
Theoretical Research
Review
Review
157
Study and prospects for the calculation of order-disorder phase transition of Ti-Al alloy based on neutron diffraction technology
LI Xi, GU Jionglin, LIU Guoliang, YUAN Xiaoming, DU Yong
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2024119
Ti-Al alloys have indispensable application value in the aerospace field because they can effectively enhance the performance of aircraft engines. However, during the processing of heating and pressurization, the alloy may undergo multiple ordered-disordered phase transitions, which will significantly affect its mechanical properties. X-ray diffraction is widely used in material analysis, but it is difficult to distinguish ordered and disordered phases with the same lattice structure (such as α
2
and α phases). In contrast, neutron diffraction generate diffraction through the interaction between the incident beam and the atomic nuclei of the substance, and have stronger penetrating ability than traditional laboratory X-rays. Moreover, neutron diffraction and X-ray diffraction show differences in the distribution of diffraction peak intensities, which enables neutron diffraction not only to assist in distinguishing the ordered and disordered phases of Ti-Al alloys, but also to further measure the degree of order of the phases. Therefore, the complementary characteristic of neutron diffraction technology and X-ray diffraction technology in diffraction patterns provides a powerful support for in-depth research on the ordered-disordered phase transitions of Ti-Al alloys. This paper systematically elaborates on the methods for calculating the diffraction peak intensities and degree of order of Ti-Al alloys based on neutron diffraction and X-ray diffraction technologies. It also introduces the experimental methods of the two diffraction technologies and their applications in the study of phase transitions of Ti-Al alloys, and looks forward to their application and development prospects in related fields.
2025 Vol. 30 (3): 157-170 [
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Theoretical Research
171
Thermodynamic assessment of Ni-Cr-W system
LI Chenbo, WANG Ziqian, WU Junfeng, ZHANG Ligang
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025001
In this study, the most recently reported thermodynamic parameters for the Ni-Cr, Ni-W, and Cr-W binary systems were integrated with experimental data from the Ni-Cr-W ternary system. A thermodynamic assessment and optimization were conducted using the calculation of phase diagram (CALPHAD) method, resulting in a self-consistent set of thermodynamic parameters. The σ phase in the system was modeled using a sublattice model: (Cr,Ni,W)
0.533
(Cr,Ni,W)
0.333
(Cr,Ni,W)
0.134
. The calculated isothermal sections of the Ni-Cr-W system at 1 273, 1 473, 1 673, and 1 813 K, as well as the liquidus projection, demonstrate excellent agreement with experimental data, indicating that the thermodynamic database of this work can accurately reproduce experimental observations and provide critical insights for the design of advanced multicomponent alloys within this system.
2025 Vol. 30 (3): 171-178 [
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179
Screening of low thermal conductivity rare earth tantalate/niobate materials based on machine learning
LIAO Mengting, LI Junli, PI Zhipeng, ZHANG Fan
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2024109
Rare earth tantalate/niobate (RE(Ta/Nb)O
4
) materials have attracted significant attention as promising candidates for next-generation thermal barrier coatings due to their excellent properties. The machine learning was used to analyze the thermal conductivity of RE(Ta/Nb)O
4
(RE=Sc, Y, Yb, Dy, Gd, Sm, Ho, La, Lu, Tm, Er, Ce, Eu) materials, and combined a greedy algorithm to identify materials with lower thermal conductivity for thermal barrier coatings in this study. Using feature parameters such as element composition, atomic properties and parameters, crystal structure information, and thermodynamic data, the gradient boosting decision tree model was employed for material screening and validated through experiments. The results show that the experimental values of (Y
2/7
Yb
5/7
)(Ta
1/2
Nb
1/2
)O
4
align well with the predicted model, and gradient boosting decision tree proves to be an effective machine learning model for future thermal conductivity predictions. Several low thermal conductivity RE(Ta
1/2
Nb
1/2
)O
4
thermal barrier coating materials are successfully identified. Co-doping with multiple rare earth elements and high-entropy RE(Ta/Nb)O
4
exhibit superior thermal performance compared to certain single- component RE(Ta/Nb)O
4
materials, making them promising new materials for thermal barrier coatings.
2025 Vol. 30 (3): 179-192 [
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193
Performance comparison of unified and traditional extrapolation models in calculating enthalpy of mixing of Ag-Bi-Cu, In-Li-Sn, and Al-Sn-Zn ternary alloy systems
LÜ Yang, LÜ Qiwen, LIAO Linghui, LIU Dongyun, JU Tianhua
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2024120
The thermodynamic properties of alloy solutions are crucial for evaluating phase stability and calculating phase diagrams. Accurate prediction of these data is of great significance for the development of new alloy materials, optimization of metallurgical processes, improvement of product quality, and reduction of production costs. In this study, the unified extrapolation model (UEM) was employed to calculate the enthalpy of mixing of the Ag-Bi-Cu, In-Li-Sn, and Al-Sn-Zn ternary alloy systems at various compositions. The results were compared with those obtained from several commonly used extrapolation models, including the Kohler, Muggianu, Toop, and general solution models, as well as experimental data reported in the literatures. The findings indicate that UEM provides overall superior predictions compared to other models, demonstrating higher accuracy and applicability in the prediction of thermodynamic properties.
2025 Vol. 30 (3): 193-203 [
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] (
)
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Engineering and Technology
204
Effects of Nb content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Al-Nb alloys fabricated by laser-directed energy deposition
YUAN Xiaohui, LI Ruidi, YUAN Tiechui
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025002
The microstructure of the Ti-Al alloys fabricated by laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) often exhibits coarse columnar grains through several melten pools, which makes it difficult to obtain uniform mechanical properties. In this paper, Nb was selected as an additive element of Ti-Al binary alloys, and a series of Ti-6Al-
x
Nb (
x
=5, 6.5, 7.5; mass fraction) ternary alloys were fabricated by LDED. The microstructure, room temperature tensile properties, and deformation mechanism of the alloys were characterized by optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and electron backscattering diffractometer. The effects of Nb content on the microstructure and tensile properties of LDED Ti alloys were investigated. The results show that the microstructures of the alloys with different Nb contents are similar, which are mainly composed of elongated acicular or lamellar α/α′ phase, and there are a small amount of residual β phase. The alloy has the highest ultimate tensile strength ((902±35) MPa) and yield strength ((849±20) MPa) when the mass fraction of Nb is 6.5%, which is mainly attributed to the reduction in grain size. In addition, the elongation of these alloys decrease gradually with increasing Nb content. The lowest elongation of (10.2±1.4)% can be observed when the mass fraction of Nb is 7.5%.
2025 Vol. 30 (3): 204-214 [
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] (
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215
Effect of beryllium sulfate crystallization temperature on the properties of beryllium oxide
QIN Guosong, YUAN Tiechui, GUAN Jianbo, LI Ruidi
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025010
In this paper, the saturated BeSO
4
solution at 90 ℃ was cooled and crystallized at 5, 15, and 25 ℃, and then the BeSO
4
powder was calcined to obtain BeO powder. The BeO powder was subjected to ball milling, spray granulation, pressing, and sintering to prepare BeO ceramics, and the effects of cooling crystallization temperature on the morphology and particle size of BeO powder, as well as the morphology and properties of BeO ceramics were studied. The results show that the particle size of BeO powder decreases with the decrease of cooling crystallization temperature, and the shape of BeO particles become more uniform and regular. The density of BeO ceramics increases from 2.86 g/cm
3
to 2.93 g/cm
3
, the bending strength increases from 243 MPa to 270 MPa, and the thermal conductivity increases from 247 W/(m·K) to 292 W/(m·K) with the cooling crystallization temperature decreases from 25 ℃ to 5 ℃.
2025 Vol. 30 (3): 215-223 [
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224
Effects of laser scanning speed on microstructure and wear resistance property of 3D printed bronze alloy cladding layers
WU Qiang, XIAO Yelong, SHEN Mingxue, XIONG Guangyao, JI Dehui, ZHAO Huoping
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025022
Copper and copper alloy have excellent electrical conduction, heat conduction and other characteristics, the development of 3D printing makes the importance of bronze alloy precision components increasingly prominent in the high-end manufacturing. Bronze alloys were prepared by laser powder bed fusion technique with different scanning speed (200, 400, 600 mm/s) in this paper, the microstructures, mechanical properties, and tribological properties were studied by optical microscopic observation, hardness test, friction experiment, three-dimensional morphology analysis, SEM and EDS characterization analysis. The results indicate that with the increase of scanning speed, the porosity of 3D printed bronze alloy cladding layer increases, the grain size of molten pool decreases, the grain structure becomes more dense, the hardness increases; tribological property of 3D printed bronze alloy increases and the friction loss decreases. Moreover, the wear mechanism of 3D printed bronze alloy is mainly adhesion wear and abrasive wear, and oxidation wear is more serious under the condition of low scanning speed.
2025 Vol. 30 (3): 224-232 [
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233
Preparation and absorption properties of FeSiAl/ZnO@YCo composites
PAN Wenqian, ZHOU Wei, LI Yang
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025003
This study used heterogeneous precipitation and heat treatment methods to coat ZnO on the surface of YCo powder particles, and introduced FeSiAl powders to fabricate FeSiAl/ZnO@YCo composites. The microwave absorption properties and electromagnetic loss mechanisms of various YCo-based composite systems were comparatively investigated. The results reveal that the FeSiAl/ZnO@YCo composites exhibit significantly improved absorption property compared to pristine YCo. At 4.6 GHz, the reflection loss of pure YCo is less than -3.00 dB, while the FeSiAl/ZnO@YCo composites achieve a maximum reflection loss of -16.50 dB with an effective absorption bandwidth of approximately 1.9 GHz, indicating remarkable improvement in low-frequency absorption property. In the high-frequency range, FeSiAl/ZnO@YCo composites maintain excellent property, reaching a reflection loss of -24.80 dB at 16.8 GHz with an effective absorption of 2.1 GHz. The enhanced microwave absorption property of the FeSiAl/ZnO@YCo composites are attributed to multiple loss mechanisms (interfacial polarization, resonance loss, and eddy current loss), along with significantly optimized electromagnetic parameters and attenuation constants.
2025 Vol. 30 (3): 233-244 [
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245
The influence of different simulated coatings on electromagnetic thermal coupling field and wear resistance on the rail surface for the electromagnetic launch
YUAN Zihao, WANG Xing, LIU Ziyi, CHEN Deshan, KANG Li, LIN Yongqiang, LIANG Weihan, YAO Pingping
DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025014
In order to investigate the wear and protection on the rail surface of electromagnetic launch under extreme electromagnetic thermal coupling field, based on COMSOL and ABAQUS finite element software, the electromagnetic thermal model and the thermal-mechanical coupling wear model for Mo, Ni, W wear-resistant and conductive coatings were established, and the influences of different wear-resistant and conductive coatings on the electromagnetic thermal distribution of electromagnetic launch and wear resistance of the rail were explored. The results show that the coating surface alters the distribution of current density on the rails, reducing the thermal effects and lowering the overall temperature. During electromagnetic launching, mechanical wear on the rails is primarily concentrated on the front of the section, and the rail wear is significantly reduced after applying the coatings. For uncoated rails, the maximum wear depth is 1.142 μm, and the wear volume is 2.170 mm
3
; after applying the Mo, Ni, and W coatings, the maximum wear depths of the rail are 0.070, 0.095, and 0.042 μm respectively, and the wear volume ranges from 0.030 to 0.069 mm
3
. Among them, the W coating exhibits the lowest maximum wear depth and wear volume due to its superior thermal conductivity, excellent electrical conductivity, high hardness, and outstanding wear resistance.
2025 Vol. 30 (3): 245-260 [
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