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| Research progress on materials, structure, and preparation process of the liners for oil well perforation |
| LIU Yulong1, LEI Xinhua1, REN Guohui3, ZHAO Qiang1, CHEN Jiaheng3, LI Feiyang2, ZHONG Huiqiang2, ZOU Jianpeng2 |
1. Sichuan Petroleum Perforation Equipment Co., Ltd, Longchang 642150, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
3. China Petroleum Group Well Logging Co., Ltd Southwest Branch, Chongqing 400021, China |
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Abstract Perforation technology plays an increasingly important role in protecting reservoirs, enhancing operational efficiency, and improving the ultimate productivity of oil fields. The liners are the key components responsible for the shaped charge effect of perforating bullets. Researches on liners primarily focus on three aspects: materials, structure, and preparation process. This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress made by domestic and international researchers on liners in recent years, aiming to support the development of efficient perforation technology for oil and gas wells. In terms of materials, the influences of properties including plasticity, density, sound velocity, compressibility and ductility of materials, such as single metal materials, alloy materials and reactive materials, on the penetration depth or damage performance of the shaped charge effect have been sorted. In terms of structure, the effects of liner shape, top structure, cone angle, wall thickness, and curvature radius on the maximum velocity of the head part of the shaped charge jet, the overall velocity of the jet, and the penetration capability of the jet have been elucidated. In terms of preparation process, the effects of different preparation processes or different parameters within the same process on the uniformity, symmetry, density, hardness, yield strength, and other properties of liners have been investigated. As the development of oil and gas resources expands into deeper and unconventional areas, the materials and structure of liners will evolve towards higher density and better penetration performance. The manufacturing process will also place greater emphasis on automation and intelligence to meet the perforation requirements of efficiency, precision and deep penetration.
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Received: 07 April 2026
Published: 12 November 2026
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2026, Vol. 31 
