3D打印水凝胶基软体机器人的研究进展

doi:10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2026043

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Abstract Soft robots, due to their good compliance and environmental adaptability, show significant application prospects in fields such as medicine and human-machine interaction. As a wet and soft material with mechanical properties and stimulus responsiveness similar to biological tissues, hydrogels have become an ideal material for the fabrication of bionic soft robots. The introduction of 3D printing technology has overcome the limitations of traditional hydrogel manufacturing methods in forming complex structures and provides a new approach for developing multi-functional soft robots. This paper focuses on 3D-printed hydrogel-based soft robots and systematically introduces research progress in fields such as bionic movement, grasping operations, and biomedical applications. This includes bionic crawling (capable of carrying five times their own weight), jumping (speed up to 20.63 μm/s), rolling, and other movement forms driven by light, magnetic fields, heat, and other methods, key technologies of bionic grippers and robots with both mobility and operational capabilities in grasping and manipulation, as well as promising applications in targeted drug delivery, in vivo monitoring, and minimally invasive therapy. Currently, there are still some challenges in this field regarding mechanical performance, driving methods, and function integration. However, with the continuous advancement of multi-material composite printing, customizable structural design, and intelligent sensing technologies, 3D-printed hydrogel-based soft robots are gradually developing into more intelligent direction and are expected to play important roles in precision medicine, complex environment detection, and human-machine interaction.

Key words： hydrogel 3D printing soft robot locomotion mode multi-functional synergy

Received: 07 April 2026 Published: 12 November 2026

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	LI Rong
	XU Mengping
	HUANG Anrong
	ZUO Xiaoling

Cite this article:

LI Rong,XU Mengping,HUANG Anrong, et al. Research progress on 3D-printed hydrogel-based soft robots[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2026, 31(5): 472-485.

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http://pmbjb.csu.edu.cn/EN/10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2026043 OR http://pmbjb.csu.edu.cn/EN/Y2026/V31/I5/472

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