The influence of tensile rate and temperature on the tensile properties of 4043 aluminum alloy prepared by wire arc additive manufacturing

ZHENG Haoran; GENG Guoliang; QU Fang; XU Jiamiao; YU Shiqi

doi:10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025079

Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy >

2026 , Vol. 31 >Issue 2: 146 - 154

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025079

Engineering and Technology

The influence of tensile rate and temperature on the tensile properties of 4043 aluminum alloy prepared by wire arc additive manufacturing

ZHENG Haoran ,
GENG Guoliang ,
QU Fang ,
XU Jiamiao ,
YU Shiqi

Expand

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China;
2. Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Graphene Powder Application, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China;
3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China;
4. School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China;
5. School of Management, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China

Received date: 2025-11-14

Revised date: 2025-12-31

Online published: 2026-05-07

Fold

Abstract

In this study, 4043 aluminum alloy was fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing. The microstructure and properties of as-deposited 4043 aluminum alloy were systematically investigated using optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, digital microhardness tester, and electronic universal testing machine. The results show that the alloy has a uniform microstructure, with Al-Si eutectic phase and α-Al phase as the main phases. All the fracture surfaces exhibit ductile fracture characteristics, while pore defects can weaken the ductility of the alloy. At room temperature, with the increase of tensile rate, the yield strength and tensile strength of the alloy in both transverse and longitudinal directions increase, while the elongation decreases, indicating that the alloy has tensile rate sensitivity. When the tensile rate is fixed at 1 mm/min, the yield strength and tensile strength of the alloy in both transverse and longitudinal directions decrease with the increase of temperature, accompanied by an increase in elongation.

Key words： wire arc additive manufacturing; as-deposited 4043 aluminum alloy; microstructure; tensile rate; temperature

Cite this article

ZHENG Haoran , GENG Guoliang , QU Fang , XU Jiamiao , YU Shiqi . The influence of tensile rate and temperature on the tensile properties of 4043 aluminum alloy prepared by wire arc additive manufacturing[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2026 , 31(2) : 146 -154 . DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2025079

References

[1] 韩国梁, 石文天, 韩玉凡, 等. 金属材料增材制造成型结构研究进展综述[J]. 中国金属通报, 2020(4): 12-13.
HAN Guoliang, SHI Wentian, HAN Yufan, et al.Review of research progress on additive manufacturing formed structures of metallic materials[J]. China Metal Bulletin, 2020(4): 12-13.
[2] 常坤, 梁恩泉, 张軔, 等. 金属材料增材制造及其在民用航空领域的应用研究现状[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(3): 3176-3182.
CHANG Kun, LIANG Enquan, ZHANG Ren, et al.Status of metal additive manufacturing and its application research in the field of civil aviation[J]. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(3): 3176-3182.
[3] 周成候, 李蝉, 吴王平, 等. 金属材料增材制造技术[J]. 金属加工(冷加工), 2016(S1): 879-883.
ZHOU Chenghou, LI Chan, WU Wangping, et al.Additive manufacturing technology of metallic materials[J]. Metal Working (Metal Cutting), 2016(S1): 879-883.
[4] 张阳军, 陈英. 金属材料增材制造技术的应用研究进展[J]. 粉末冶金工业, 2018, 28(1): 63-67.
ZHANG Yangjun, CHEN Ying.Research on the application of metal additive manufacturing technology[J]. Powder Metallurgy Industry, 2018, 28(1): 63-67.
[5] 马遥遥. 盘形件摆动电弧熔丝增材轨迹优化研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2021.
MA Yaoyao.Study on trajectory optimization of swing wire and arc additive manufacturing for disc parts[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2021.
[6] 华文娟, 张建勋. 时效处理对电弧熔丝增材制造2319铝合金性能及断裂行为的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2024, 49(8): 60-66.
HUA Wenjuan, ZHANG Jianxun.Effect of aging treatment on properties and fracture behavior of 2319 aluminum alloy fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2024, 49(8): 60-66.
[7] 田彩兰, 陈济轮, 董鹏, 等. 国外电弧增材制造技术的研究现状及展望[J]. 航天制造技术, 2015(2): 57-60.
TIAN Cailan, CHEN Jilun, DONG Peng, et al.Current state and future development of the wire arc additive manufacture technology abroad[J]. Aerospace Manufacturing Technology, 2015(2): 57-60.
[8] 夏然飞. 电弧增材制造成形尺寸及工艺参数优化研究[D]. 武汉: 华中科技大学, 2016.
XIA Ranfei.Study on forming dimensions and process parameters optimization of wire arc additive manufacturing[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2016.
[9] 何智. 超声冲击电弧增材制造钛合金零件的组织性能研究[D]. 武汉: 华中科技大学, 2016.
HE Zhi.Effect of ultrasonic impact on the properties of arc additive manufacturing of titanium alloy[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2016.
[10] 李玉琴, 孟长军, 王学德, 等. 激光冲击强化316L不锈钢焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2017, 54(6): 165-169.
LI Yuqin, MENG Changjun, WANG Xuede, et al.Corrosion resistance property of 316L stainless steel welding joints treated by laser shock peening[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2017, 54(6): 165-169.
[11] 孙浩, 朱颖, 郭伟, 等. 激光冲击强化对TC17钛合金残余应力及显微组织的影响[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2017, 54(4): 239-245.
SUN Hao, ZHU Ying, GUO Wei, et al.Effect of laser shock peening on residual stress and microstructure of TC17 titanium alloy[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2017, 54(4), 239-245.
[12] HUDA Z, EDI P.Materials selection in design of structures and engines ofsupersonic aircrafts: a review[J]. Materials & Design, 2013, 46: 552-560.
[13] 于菁, 王继杰, 倪丁瑞, 等. 电子束熔丝沉积4043/4074铝合金的组织与力学性能[J]. 精密成形工程, 2018, 10(2): 74-81.
YU Jing, WANG Jijie, NI Dingrui, et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of 4043/4047 Al alloy by electron beam freeform fabrication[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2018, 10(2): 74-81.
[14] 匡蜀黔, 张良贤, 张涛, 等. 粉末热挤压制备原位纳米Al₂O₃增强铝基复合材料的高温力学性能[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2025, 30(4): 343-350.
KUANG Shuqian, ZHANG Liangxian, ZHANG Tao, et al.High-temperature mechanical properties of in-situ nano-Al₂O₃ reinforced aluminum matrix composites prepared by powder hot extrusion[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2025, 30(4): 343-350.
[15] 韩启飞, 符瑞, 胡锦龙, 等. 电弧熔丝增材制造铝合金研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(4): 62-73.
HAN Qifei, FU Rui, HU Jinlong, et al.Research progress in wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminum alloys[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(4): 62-73.
[16] 张云舒, 吴斌涛, 赵昀, 等. 电弧熔丝增材制造传热传质数值模拟研究现状与展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(8): 65-80.
ZHANG Yunshu, WU Bintao, ZHAO Yun, et al.Research progress in the numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer during wire arc additive manufacturing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(8): 65-80.
[17] 蒋凡, 杨迪, 张国凯, 等. 电弧熔丝增材制造控形技术研究现状与展望[J]. 机械制造与自动化, 2024, 53(2): 1-10.
JIANG Fan, YANG Di, ZHANG Guokai, et al.Current status and outlook of wire arc additive manufacturing shape-control technology[J]. Machine Building & Automation, 2024, 53(2): 1-10.
[18] GENG C X, ZHANG H X, LI X J, et al.Elevated temperature tensile behaviour of 5183 aluminium alloy made by electrospark deposition additive manufacturing[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2023, 868: 144746.
[19] DEREKAR K S, AHMAD B, ZHANG X, et al.Effects of process variants on residual stresses in wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy 5183[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 2022, 144(7): 071005.
[20] 张禹, 王世龙, 罗震, 等. 基于机器人堆焊增材制造工艺与方法研究[J]. 制造业自动化, 2013, 35(11): 145-147.
ZHANG Yu, WANG Shilong, LUO Zhen, et al.A study of additive manufacturing’s method and processing based on welding robot[J]. Manufacturing Automation, 2013, 35(11): 145-147.

Options

Outlines

模态框（Modal）标题

Abstract

Cite this article

References