Home   |   About Journal   |   Editorial Board   |   Instruction   |   Subscriptions   |   Contacts Us   |   中文

Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy >

2022 , Vol. 27 >Issue 2: 121 - 128

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2021084

Review

Research progress on 3D printing of pure copper and copper alloys

  • WU Yiyou ,
  • DING Rou ,
  • CHEN Chao ,
  • LI Ruidi ,
  • ZHOU Kechao
Expand
  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
    2. Shenzhen Research Institute, Central South University, Shenzhen 518057, China

Received date: 2021-09-18

  Revised date: 2022-01-27

  Online published: 2022-03-01

Fold

Abstract

Pure copper and copper alloys attract more and more attention due to their outstanding properties such as excellent electrical and thermal conductivities, ductility and high corrosion resistance. In this work, the research progress on the process characteristics, mircostructure evolution and mechanical properties of 3D printing pure copper and copper alloys in recent years were mainly summarized. The results show that the major challenge of pure copper and copper alloys fabricated by laser selective melting and laser melting deposition is to reduce the high reflectivity to the laser which can improve the density of the parts, manupulate the microstructure and obtain excellent mechanical properties. Process parameter optimization of selective electron beam melting and binder jetting need to be addressed due to the lower density and greater shrinkage of parts respectively, although it can overcome the problems caused by higher laser reflectivity of pure copper and copper alloys. Besides, this work introduced the application prospects about 3D printing of pure copper and copper alloys. Finaly, the progress on 3D printing of pure copper and copper alloys were also summarized and prospected.

Key words： 3D printing; copper alloy; selective laser melting; laser metal deposition; selective electron beam melting; binder jetting

Cite this article

WU Yiyou , DING Rou , CHEN Chao , LI Ruidi , ZHOU Kechao . Research progress on 3D printing of pure copper and copper alloys[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2022 , 27(2) : 121 -128 . DOI: 10.19976/j.cnki.43-1448/TF.2021084

References

[1] GUO N, LEU M C.Additive manufacturing: technology, applications and research needs[J]. Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 8(3): 215-243.
[2] CHEN L, HE Y, YANG Y X, et al.The research status and development trend of additive manufacturing technology[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2017, 89(9/12): 3651-3660.
[3] LI W Y, YANG K, YIN S, et al.Solid-state additive manufacturing and repairing by cold spraying: a review[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2018, 34(3): 440-457.
[4] YAN X, CHEN C Y, CHANG C, et al.Study of the microstructure and mechanical performance of C-X stainless steel processed by selective laser melting (SLM)[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2020, 781: 139227.
[5] 王晓燕. 铜金属3D打印白皮书[M]. 2版. 上海: 3D科学谷, 2021: 6-7.
WANG Xiaoyan.Whitepaper of Copper 3D Printing[M]. 2nd ed. Shanghai: 3D Science valley, 2021: 6-7.
[6] HUANG J, YAN X C, CHANG C, et al.Pure copper components fabricated by cold spray (CS) and selective laser melting (SLM) technology[J]. Surface & Coatings Technology, 2020, 395: 125936.
[7] 顾冬冬, 沈以赴, 杨家林, 等. 多组分铜基金属粉末选区激光烧结试验研究[J]. 航空学报, 2005, 26(4): 510-514.
GU Dongdong, SHEN Yifu, YANG Jialin, et al.Experimental research on selective of multi-component copper-based metal powder[J]. Acta Aeronautica and Astronautica Sinica, 2005, 26(4): 510-514.
[8] RAHMAN M S, SCHILLING P J, HERRIINGTON P D, et al.Thermal behavior and melt-pool dynamics of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy in powder bed selective laser melting process[J]. International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 2019, 11: 11087.
[9] ZHANG G M, CHEN C, WANG X J, et al.Additive manufacturing of fine-structured copper alloy by selective laser melting of pre-alloyed Cu-15Ni-8Sn powder[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2018, 96(9): 4223-4230.
[10] GUSTMANN T, DOSSANTOS J M, GARGARELLA P, et al.Properties of Cu-based shape-memory alloys prepared by selective laser melting[J]. Shape Memory and Superelasticity, 2017, 3(1): 24-36.
[11] ZHUO L R, SONG B, LI R D, et al.Effect of element evaporation on the microstructure and properties of CuZnAl shape memory alloys prepared by selective laser melting[J]. Optics and Laser Technology, 2020, 127: 106164.
[12] MA Z B, ZHANG K F, REN Z H, et al.Selective laser melting of Cu-Cr-Zr copper alloy: parameter optimization, microstructure and mechanical properties[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 828: 154350.
[13] 赵凡, 刘祖铭, 吕学谦, 等. 粉末冶金Cu-Cr-Zr合金的形变热处理组织及性能[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2019, 24(4): 385-390.
ZHAO Fan, LIU Zuming, LÜ Xueqian, et al.Microstructure and properties of thermomechanical heat treatment of powder metallurgy Cu-Cr-Zr alloy[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2019, 24(4): 385-390.
[14] KARTHIK G M, PRAVEEN S, ALIREZA Z, et al.Novel precipitation and enhanced tensile properties in selective laser melted Cu-Sn alloy[J]. Materialia, 2020, 13: 100861.
[15] WANG J B, ZHOU X L, LI J H, et al.Microstructures and properties of SLM-manufactured Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy[J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2020, 31: 100921.
[16] 田健, 魏青松, 朱文志, 等. Cu-Al-Ni-Ti合金激光选区成形工艺及其力学性能[J]. 中国激光, 2019, 46(3): 25-36.
TIAN Jian, WEI Qingsong, ZHU Wenzhi, et al.Selective laser melting process and mechanical properties of Cu-Al-Ni-Ti alloy[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2019, 46(3): 25-36.
[17] ZHANG S S, ZHU H H, ZHANG L, et al.Microstructure and properties of high strength and high conductivity Cu-Cr alloy components fabricated by high power selective laser melting[J]. Materials Letters, 2019, 237: 306-309.
[18] UCHIDA S, KIMURA T, NAKAMOTO T, et al.Microstructures and electrical and mechanical properties of Cu-Cr alloys fabricated by selective laser melting[J]. Materials & Design, 2019, 175: 107815.
[19] CHEN Y H, REN S B, ZHAO Y, et al.Microstructure and properties of Cu-Cr alloy manufactured by selective laser melting[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, 786: 189-197.
[20] ZHOU Y, ZENG X, WU H B, et al.Effect of crystallographic textures on thermal anisotropy of selective laser melted Cu-2.4Ni-0.7Si alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 743: 258-261.
[21] 贺定勇, 李现兵, 张朋, 等. 一种利用3D打印制备高比强度、高弹性变形点阵结构铜合金的方法: 108372302A[P], 2018-08-07.
HE Dingyong, LI Xianbing, ZHANG Peng, et al. Method for preparing copper alloy with high specific strength and high elastic deformation lattice structure by using 3D printing: 108372302A[P].2018-08-07.
[22] GAN J, GAO H, WEN S F, et al.Simulation, forming process and mechanical property of Cu-Sn-Ti/diamond composites fabricated by selective laser melting[J]. International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, 2020, 87: 105144.
[23] ZHONG H Z, LI C G, ZHANG X Y, et al.The graded microstructures evolving with thermal cycles in pure copper processed by laser metal deposition[J]. Materials Letters, 2018, 230: 215-218.
[24] ZHANG Y Z, TU Y, XI M Z, et al.Characterizat ion on laser clad nickel based alloy coating on pure copper[J]. Surface & Coatings Technology, 2008, 202(24): 5924-5928.
[25] BYSAKH S, CHATTOPADHYAY K, MAIWALD T, et al. Microstructure evolution in laser alloyed layer of Cu-Fe-Al-Si on Cu substrate[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2004, 375/377: 661-665.
[26] 顾梦豪. 激光熔覆球磨Cu-Fe涂层的显微结构与性能研究[D]. 南昌: 南昌航空大学, 2016: 29-43.
GU Menghao.Investigation on microstructure and properties of ball milled Cu-Fe coating by laser cladding[D]. Nanchang: Nanchang Hangkong University, 2016: 29-43.
[27] 谢敏. 激光增材制造Cu-Fe偏晶合金凝固机制与性能调控研究[D]. 天津: 天津工业大学, 2021: 39-53.
XIE Min.Study on solidification mechanism and performance control of Cu-Fe monotectic alloy by laser additive manufacturing[D]. Tianjin: Tiangong University, 2021: 39-53.
[28] ANOOP R K, DORA M, ANDREAS W, et al.In-situ synthesis via laser metal deposition of a lean Cu-3.4Cr-0.6Nb(at.%) conductive alloy hardened by Cr nano-scale precipitates and by laves phase micro-particles[J]. Acta Materialia, 2020, 197: 330-340.
[29] LI B Y, ZHENG H, HAN C J, et al.Nanotwins-containing microstructure and superior mechanical strength of a Cu-9Al-5Fe-5Ni alloy additively manufactured by laser metal deposition[J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2021, 39: 101825.
[30] LIU Y T, YE Z G, WANG X, et al.Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Cu-9Al-4Ni-3.5Fe-0.5Mn alloy fabricated by laser melting deposition[J]. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2021, 826: 142006.
[31] LODES M A, GUSCHLBAUER R, KOERNER C.Process development for the manufacturing of 99.94% pure copper via selective electron beam melting[J]. Materials Letters, 2015, 143(15): 298-301.
[32] GUSCHLBUER R, MOMENI S, OSMANLIC F, et al.Process development of 99.95% pure copper processed via selective electron beam melting and its mechanical and physical properties[J]. Materials Characterization, 2018, 143: 163-170.
[33] LEDFORD C, ROCK C, TUNG M, et al.Evaluation of electron beam powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of high purity copper for overhang structures using in-situ real time backscatter electron monitoring[J]. Procedia Manufacturing, 2020, 48: 828-838.
[34] 黄柯, 张昌松, 赵阳, 等. 铜合金模具材料电子束选区熔化成形件耐磨性及机理分析[J]. 模具制造, 2019(3): 86-89.
HUANG Ke, ZHANG Changsong, ZHAO Yang, et al.Wear resistance and mechanism analysis of copper alloy die material forming parts by electron beam selective melting[J]. Die & Mould Manufacture, 2019(3): 86-89.
[35] RAMIREZ D A, WICKER R B, GAYTAN S M, et al.Open-cellular copper structures fabricated by additive manufacturing using electron beam melting[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2011, 528(16/17): 5379-5386.
[36] KUMAR A, BAI Y, EKLUND A, et al.Effects of hot isostatic pressing on copper parts fabricated via binder jetting[J]. Procedia Manufacturing, 2017, 10: 935-944.
[37] BAI Y, VIRGINIA T, BLACK V, et al.An exploration of binder jetting of copper[J]. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2015, 21: 177-185.
[38] MIYANAJI H, MA D, MARK A, et al.Binder jetting additive manufacturing of copper foam structures[J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2020, 32: 100960.
[39] LI M, HUANG J C, FANG A, et al.Binder jetting additive manufacturing of copper/diamond composites: an experimental study[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2021, 70: 205-213.
[40] THANG Q, TRAN A C, JEREMY K Y, et al.3D printing of highly pure copper[J]. Metals, 2019, 9(7): 756-756.
[41] HENRY C D, DAVID L E, WILLIAM S L.Comparison of GRCop-84 to other Cu alloys with high thermal conductivies[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2007, 17(4): 594-606.
[42] SHI K Y, XUE L H, YAN Y W, et al.Preparation and arc erosion characteristics of ultrafine crystalline CuCr50 Alloy by MA-SPS[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 2016, 31(5): 1081-1085.
Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉

Copyright © Editorial Board of Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy
Tel: 0731-88877163　E-mail: pmbjb@csu.edu.cn
Supported by: Beijing Magtech